anatomy lecture final study guide
functional morphology
Branch of anatomy that explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design
respiratory system
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
gross anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
tissue level
Tissues consist of similar types of cells
organismal level
all organ systems combined to make the whole organism
chemical level
atoms combine to form molecules
Organ level example
brain
Identity one function of the organ system illustrated here.
carries fluid from body tissues back to the blood vascular system
cellular level
cells and their surrounding are made up of molecules
When many molecules come together to form organelles that become compartmentalized into a single structure that works as a unit, you have an example of the
cellular level
simplest organizational level
chemical
Oxygen and hydrogen combine with one another to form water; this is an example of the
chemical level of organization
What's the order of the levels of organization?
chemical, cellular, tissuse, organ level, organ system, organismal
organ system level example
digestive system
The organs shown here make up the __________.
endocrine system
What is the advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?
fMRI pinpoints smaller brain areas, does not use radioactive tracers, and works faster.
organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
axial region contains
head, neck, trunk
right nostril and right ear are
ipsilateral
Which advanced imaging technique is capable of distinguishing body tissues on the basis of differences in water content, and makes bones "invisible"?
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
cellular level example
neuron
chemical level example
neurotransmitters
organ level
one or more tissues functioning together
The small intestine contains epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. The combination of these different tissue types to form one discrete structure is an example of the
organ level
The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and other hormone-producing organs all work together to help the body send hormones through the blood stream and respond to internal changes. This is an example of the
organ system level
Most complex level of organization
organismal
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs.
parietal and visceral pleura
skeletal system
produces blood cells
muscular system
produces heat
urinary system
regulates water, electrolyte, and acid base balance of the blood
the appendix is in the
right iliac region
tissue level example
smooth muscle tissue
Review the descriptions of an organ in Figure 1.1. Use your knowledge from this figure to correctly identify an organ.Which of the following best represents an example at the organ level?
stomach
radiographic anatomy
studies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures
Embryology
study of embryos and their development
surface anatomy
study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs
Histology
study of tissues
integumentary system
synthesizes vitamin D
Muscle fibers are cells that contain actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. When these cells are collected together, they can all function as a unit, carrying out the shortening capabilities of muscle. When multiple cells with a similar function come together, it is an example of the
tissue level
The proximal convoluted tubule is a structure within the kidney nephron that plays a significant role in the reabsorption of important products that have been filtered from the blood. One of the key features of this structure is its lining. The cells that line the tubule are responsible for the transport of substances across the membrane. These cells and their collective efforts would be an example of which of the following levels?
tissue level
cardiovascular system
transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes
