world history chapter 10, WHAP Ch 10, APWH 10 quiz

What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire?

A stronger military

Which of the following did the Byzantine imperial court most closely reflect?

Ancient Persia. -While they sought to imitate the awesome grandeur of God's heavenly court, the Byzantine court in fact resembled that of ancient Persia.

The logical approach and scientific temperament of this great Greek thinker made the deepest impression on medieval Western European thinkers between 1100 and 1300 C.E.

Aristotle. -It was Aristotle's prolific writings that had the greatest impact on medieval Western European theologians and philosophers.

Which of the following is true of the Coptic Christians of Egypt?

Before the Muslim conquest, the Byzantine rulers of Egypt viewed Coptics as heretics.

What does the Chinese Buddhist establishment during Tang dynasty China and the Christian Church in Western Europe around 1000 C.E. have in common?

Both became quite wealthy. -This resulted in criticism.

The ruler of this state claimed to be the "peer of the Apostles."

Byzantine Empire

Which of the following statements best describes Byzantium's encounter with the Arabs between 500 and 800 C.E.?

Byzantium lost considerable territories to the Arabs but survived the invasion.

Which region was most conservative in its use of ancient Greek learning between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Byzantium was the most conservative. -Byzantine scholars focused on preserving and transmitting the classical heritage rather than using it as a springboard for creating new knowledge.

Which important feature of fifteenth-century European ships was developed in Europe?

Cannon

Which of the following statements best describes the history of Christianity in China before 1400 C.E.?

Christianity was practiced in China during the Tang dynasty and the period of Mongol rule, but withered away on both occasions.

What was the Byzantine Empire?

Continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire

What effect did crusading have on Spain?

Crusading brought Spain back under Christian rule.

These brothers were missionaries to the Slavs and their development of a script in which to write Slavic languages helped spread both Christianity and literacy.

Cyril and Methodius

Between 1000 and 1500 C.E. what development provided an important new source of energy for Western Europeans?

Development of effective water mills

What is Coptic Christianity?

Distinctive early Christian tradition that established itself in Egypt

Which Muslim holy building was constructed on the site of the first two Jewish temples in Jerusalem?

Dome of the Rock

Which of the following characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000?

Earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition.

Besides Islam, which of the following was also a target of Western European crusaders?

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Which of the following was a practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church but not the Western Roman Catholic Church?

Eastern Orthodox Christians were led by married priests, while Roman Catholic clergy were celibate.

What important factor led to the decline of Christianity in Africa and Asia between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Emergence of Islam

Outside Europe, the strongest presence of Christianity from 500 to 1300 was in

Ethiopia.

Which African Christian community survived relatively intact between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Ethiopian Christians

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Ethiopian Christianity?

Fascination with Judaism and Jerusalem. -Believed their own king was a descendant of King Solomon.

In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs?

Feudalism

Which statement best describes the relationship between Germans and Roman culture in early medieval Western Europe?

Germans were quick to accept much of Roman culture.

Which of the following had a greater influence on Eastern Orthodox Christianity than on Roman Catholicism?

Greek philosophical concepts

When did Arabic overtake Coptic as the language most used in Egypt?

In the fourteenth century C.E. -Following the conversion of most rural Coptic Christians to Islam in the fourteenth century, Arabic grew in its prominence and use among the population of Egypt.

???

It gave rise to frequent wars. (It also enhanced the role of military men.)

Which of the following statements best describes the history of the Nubian Christian church to 1500 C.E.?

It had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E.

How was Arian Christianity different from Orthodoxy?

It held that Jesus was created by God the Father, and was not co-eternal with him. -Arius taught that Jesus was a lesser, divine figure, who had been created in time rather than existing eternally as God the Father.

Which of the following describes the process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus?

It was a freely made decision on the part of Prince Vladmir of Kiev, who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity to unify his people.

What was feudalism?

It was a political and social system in which power was largely in the hands of a landholding warrior elite who swore allegiance to greater lords or kings. -Feudalism is a system of decentralized political power with most power in the hands of a landholding warrior elite, who gave their allegiance and military service to more important lords in return for the land that they then controlled.

What was the typical pattern for conversion to Christianity in early medieval Western Europe?

It was a top-down strategy in which missionaries sought first to convert rulers. -Most often, missionaries in Western Europe tried first to convert rulers, so the rulers would then not only protect missionaries but also encourage their subjects to convert as well.

Which of the following statements best describes how Orthodox Christianity spread among the Rus?

It was adopted freely, without coercion. -No military defeat or occupation.

Why did Jews view the site of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem as sacred?

It was believed to be the site where Abraham prepared to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. -Abraham was also revered in the Islamic faith.

Which of the following statements best describes the position of Western Europe in world history during the third-wave era?

It was distinctly on the margins of world history. -Western Europe was geographically isolated and politically fragmented.

Which of the following statements best describes Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

It was politically fragmented and largely rural.

What were the Christian texts that circulated in China known as?

Jesus Sutras

Which of the following is an example of how Christianity was reinterpreted as it spread throughout Asia and Africa?

Jesus Sutras

Which sixth-century Byzantine emperor sought to reconquer the Mediterranean basin?

Justinian

Why did Emperor Justinian close the Plato's Academy in Athens in 529 C.E.?

Justinian viewed it as an outpost of paganism.

Which of the following best describes the power structure in Western European states during the third-wave era?

Kings, warrior aristocrats, and church leaders struggled for power.

Which of the following describes the situation in Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476?

Long-distance trade was limited to Italy.

After the fall of Constantinople what city was declared the "third Rome" by some of its church leaders?

Moscow

What was the dominant sect of Christianity in Syria, Persia, Iraq, and China?

Nestorian

Which Germanic king overthrew the last Roman emperor in 476 C.E., bringing to its end the Roman Empire in the West?

Odoacer

Which of the following statements best describes the treatment of Jews in Europe during the crusading period?

On occasion Crusaders on their way to Jerusalem massacred Jewish communities.

Which ruler gathered much of Germany under his control in an attempt during the tenth century to revive the Roman Empire?

Otto I

Who conquered Constantinople in 1453 C.E.?

Ottoman Turks. -Conquest of Constantinople spelled the end of the Byzantine Empire.

Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300?

Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy.

People from which European land crossed the Atlantic Ocean around the year 1000 C.E. to establish colonies?

Scandinavia

Which of the following describes Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300?

Shrinking communities of second-class subjects

In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on

Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia.

Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe.

Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom.

Based on the information in Map 10.3 in the textbook, which region was the least threatened by foreign invasion between 700 and 1000?

The Byzantine Empire

What was a critical factor that made Byzantine political culture different from that of Western Europe?

The Byzantine emperor's religious authority. -Unlike the West where the Roman Catholic Church maintained some degree of independence, in Byzantium the emperor was also head of the church.

What led to the decline of Christianity in China in the ninth century?

The Chinese state turned against all religions of foreign origin. -In the mid-ninth century, the Chinese government turned against foreign religions, including Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam; in the face of government attacks, Christianity nearly vanished.

What event in the thirteenth century influenced the Egyptian state's change in attitude toward its Christian subjects from tolerance to persecution?

The Crusades

Which of the following brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?

The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire

Why did Christianity increasingly become a European religion between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

The emergence of Islam reduced the number of Christians in Asia and Africa.

Which of the following describes a feature of the Byzantine state?

The emperor claimed to be God's representative on earth.

Which of the following statements best describes the conversion of the Christian Syrian population to the Islamic faith?

The majority of the Christian population converted to the Islamic faith voluntarily.

Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt?

The political ideals of imperial control of the Church

In Ethiopian tradition, who was the founding monarch of the kingdom?

The son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba -Since Solomon figures in the line of descent to Jesus, it meant that Ethiopia's Christian rulers could legitimate their position by tracing their ancestry to Jesus himself.

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Christianity in Asia and Africa by 1500?

The spread of Islamic civilization

Which of the following is an example of a European innovation made possible by borrowing technologies from other civilizations?

The use of gunpowder in cannons

Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages?

There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade.

What was the Mongol attitude toward Christianity?

They appreciated Christianity's permissiveness regarding food and drink and a number of prominent Mongols converted.

Why did Nestorian Christians abandon their paintings and sculptures after 600 C.E.?

They did not want to offend the Muslim population of Syria, Iraq, and Persia.

Which of the following statements best describes the appeal of the Christian Church to local warlords and rulers in pagan northern Europe?

They found status and legitimacy by being associated with the literate and civilized Christian Church.

What effect did the Crusades have on relations between the Eastern and Western churches?

They led to worsening relations, as Western Christians saw Eastern Orthodoxy as blasphemous and soon came to attack the Byzantines.

What attitude did the Mongols take toward Christianity in their empire?

They welcomed Christians along with various other faiths. -The Mongols were religiously tolerant and welcomed Nestorian Christians in their empire.

What did the Christian churches in Africa and Asia share between 600 and 1500 C.E.?

They were generally in decline.

Which of the following statements best describes the serfs of Medieval Europe?

They were peasant laborers bound to their masters' estates.

What did the Kievan Rus, the first state to form in the Slavic world, have in common with the first third-wave civilizations in Southeast Asia and East Africa?

They were stimulated by trade that passed through their regions.

What stimulated the emergence of the Kievan Rus state in the ninth century?

Trade

Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine Empire's influence on Eurasia?

Transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world

Into which region did the most significant and long-lasting expansion of Orthodox Christianity occur?

Ukraine -Ukraine and western Russia were regions where a significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity occurred.

Which of the following was the least significant development in Islamic history during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Various Crusades

Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?

Veneration of icons

This prince converted to Orthodox Christianity after sending emissaries to bring reports of Judaism, Islam, and both Eastern and Western Christianity, finding the splendor of the Byzantine Church most convincing.

Vladimir. -Tenth-century Vladimir of Kiev, according to early chronicles, sent emissaries to learn of different religions before opting for Orthodoxy; he also received a Byzantine princess as his bride.

Which Kievan Rus prince was the first to adopt Orthodox Christianity?

Vladimir. -This late-tenth-century prince chose Orthodox Christianity as the best for his kingdom.

Which of the following statements is true of Europe in about the year 1000 C.E.?

Weather was in a long warming trend, leading to improved agricultural production. -European weather underwent a warming trend between about 750 and about 1200 C.E., leading to greatly improved agricultural production.

Technological changes in which field limited women's opportunities in Western Europe by the fifteenth century?

Weaving

In which civilization was the rationalism and secularism of Greek thought used to explain religious doctrines?

Western Christendom

Which of the following was a practice of the Western Catholic Church but not of Eastern Orthodoxy?

Western Christians believed the pope to be the supreme authority over the Church while Eastern Christians didn't. -By about the year 1000 C.E., Western Christians were united in seeing the pope as the final authority over the Church; it was over this issue above all that the Western and Eastern churches formally broke apart in 1054 C.E.

During the period from 1000 to 1300, the rulers in which region held the least power?

Western Europe

What is an important difference between the political histories of China and Europe in the third-wave era?

Western Europe never regained the political unity it had established in the second-wave era.

Which of the following statements best describes Christian Europe in the centuries after 1000 C.E.?

Western European Christianity was growing in importance, while Eastern Orthodox Christendom declined. -The decline of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of Western states facilitated this shift.

Which comparison is true of China and Europe's economies by the fifteenth century?

Women in both regions experienced declining opportunities to control portions of the economy.

How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?

Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices.

During the Middle Ages, a group of people in the same line of work who associated together to regulate their trade was known as a

guild.

How did the multi centered political system of Western Europe shape its society between 1000 and 1500 C.E.?

it gave rise to frequent wars

In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among

kings, nobles, and church leaders.

In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 C.E. was a( n)

localized society.

In the centuries between 500 and 1000, Europe's center of gravity shifted away from the Mediterranean toward the

north and west.