World History Chapter 15 Review
What was the result of the British and French struggle in North America?
Britain gained dominance in North America, including much of present-day Canada and the United States, while France retained land in the Caribbean.
The conquistador who added the lands of present-day Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was....
Francisco Pizarro
Write a sentence or two explaining the role of each of the following in Spanish colonial society: pion peninsular, creole, mulatto, and mestizo
Peninsulares, people from Spain, were at the top of the social structure, followed by creoles, or people of Spanish descent born in the Americas. Mulattoes were people of mixed African and European descent, while mestizos were of mixed Indian and European descent; these groups were in the middle. At the bottom were peons, forced to labor to pay debt, and slaves.
How did Spain structure its American empire?
Spain divided up its empire into provinces and set up the Council of the Indies to oversee its viceroys in the provinces. They in turn oversaw local officials and audiencias.
What effect did European exploration have on Native American populations?
it decimated the Native American population through deadly diseases, killing, and brutalization of Indian workers
How did triangular trade affect Africans?
it devastated African society, causing the enslavement and exportation of millions of men, women, and children.
The first leg of the triangular trade route....
brought European goods to Africa
To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernan Cortes....
formed alliances with other Native American people
The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as....
havens for persecuted religious groups
How did European colonization of the Americas shape global economies and societies?
it fostered trade and led to a global economy, and it plundered the enormous wealth and resources of the Americas and transferred them to Europe. It changed societies by making valuable foods and technologies available and by imposing European religion and culture around the globe.
How did the policy of mercantilism affect global economies?
it increased global trade as nations strove to produce and export more than they imported and to collect treasuries full of gold and silver
How did the slave trade benefit Europeans?
merchants made large profits buying and selling slaves and the other commodities of the triangular trade. European plantation owners profited from free slave trade.
At the top of Spanish colonial society were the....
peninsulares
Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid 1500s due to the increasing amounts of....
silver & gold from the Americas
What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition?
tariffs increased the price of imported goods
The population of New France grew slowly because....
the harsh winters kept many French from settling in the New World
How did the explorations of conquistadors such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro contribute to the Spanish empire in the Americas?
they conquered societies of great wealth, plundered them, and set the stage for colonization and more profits based on the labor of those they conquered or enslaved
Why did the Pilgrims make a compact when the arrived in North America?
they had landed outside the jurisdiction of any government and so created a compact to govern themselves.
What impact did American gold and silver have on European economies?
they stimulated European economies, creating a price revolution, inflation, and eventually new economic policies such as mercantilism.
Why did the English settle in Jamestown?
they were looking for wealth