World History
Iraq
A leader of this country released a group of prisoners known as the 23 People after the city of Khorramshahr [co-ram-share] was recaptured by their country. Photographer Kaveh Golestan depicted the aftermath of a poison gas attack on this country's town of Halabja. This country's plan to build the "Osirak" nuclear reactor was thwarted by Israeli-led forces in Operation (*) Opera. This country's forces were defeated by an United Nations coalition during the First Gulf War after it invaded Kuwait. This country's long-time leader of ten persecuted its Kurdish minority and was captured in Tikrit in 2003. For ten points, name this country once led by Saddam Hussein from Baghdad.
Maori
A march of these people was led by Whine Cooper and protested against these people's namesake Affairs Act. One war with these people was instigated by their refusal to pay a dog tax. Potatau was crowned ruler of these people by their namesake King Movement. One war with these people began after a flagstaff was cut down by one of their chiefs, Hono Heke. These people used their pa fortifications as bases during the Musket Wars. William Hobson secured British sovereignty over these people's lands as part of the Treaty of Waitangi. Name these indigenous people of New Zealand.
Pablo Escobar
A memoir by Virginia Vallejo claims that this man paid M-19 to carry out the Palace of Justice Siege. This man ordered the bombing of Avianca Flight 203 in a failed attempt to assassinate Cesar Gaviria. This man was the target of a vigilante group that committed extrajudicial killings called Los Pepes. The actions of that group and the First (*) Search Bloc, led to this man's death in 1993. This man was portrayed by Wagner Moura in the Netflix series Narcos. At the height of his power, this man's Medellin Cartel was smuggling 15 pounds of cocaine into the United States everyday. For ten points, name this infamous Colombian drug lord.
Jamaica
A nurse born on this island ran the "British Hotel" during the Crimean War. This island, the birthplace of Mary Seacole, faced the Morant Bay Rebellion and wars involving escaped slaves called "Maroons." From his base on this island, Henry Morgan raided Spanish settlements in Panama. On this island, the nickname (*) "Sodom of the New World" was given to the notorious pirate haven of Port Royal. For ten points, what Caribbean Island has its capital at Kingston?
Argentina
A revolutionary born in this country had his photo taken after the La Coubre explosion by Alberto Korda. This country's descamisados were bombed in its Plaza de Mayo in 1955. A regime in this country waged the (*) "Dirty War" against its political opponents under Jorge Videla, and later went to war with Britain over the Falkland Islands. For 10 points, name this country led by Juan Peron from a pink palace in Buenos Aires.
Crusades
After one of these conflicts, the title of princeps was taken by Godfrey of Bouillon ["BOOL-yaan"]. Frederick Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River during the third of these conflicts. Crowds chanted "deus vult" at Pope Urban II in support of one of these conflicts, the third of which saw (*) Richard the Lionheart make peace with Saladin. The first of these conflicts in 1099 ended with the conquest of Jerusalem. For 10 points, name these medieval Catholic military expeditions attempting to retake the Holy Land.
Brazil
After the Civil War, thousands of pro-slavery southerners founded the city of Americana in this country, where they became known as confederados. With a southern neighbor, this country resolved disputes over rubber extraction in the Treaty of Petropolis, thereby acquiring forests in Acre. This country's politics was controlled by its centers of coffee and dairy production during its "coffee with milk" period. In the New World, more slaves were transported to this country than any other. This country, which was supposedly discovered by Pedro Cabral, was given to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas. Name this country formerly ruled by two emperors named Pedro from its city of Rio de Janeiro.
Kublai Khan
After this ruler defeated his brother, Ariq Böke, he conquered one region after the Battle of Yamen. This leader's attempted invasions of Japan were stopped by a "divine wind", or kamikaze. While he was emperor of a (*) Chinese dynasty, this leader's court was visited by the Venetian merchant Marco Polo. For 10 points, name this Mongol ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, the grandson of Genghis.
Six-Day War
After this war, the belligerents of the losing side issued a resolution declaring "Three No's." One side in this war accidentally attacked the U.S.S. Liberty. That side in this war destroyed much of the opposing side's air force with a series of airstrikes in Operation Focus. U.N. Security Resolution 242 was passed in the aftermath of this war. Prior to this war, one country demanded the withdrawal of U.N. forces so that they could blockade the Straits of Tiran. The winner of this war occupied the Golan Heights, West Bank, and Sinai peninsula. Name this 1967 war in which Israel defeated its Arab neighbors in less than a week.
Iranian Revolution of 1979
An instigating factor for this event was the death of over sixty people in Jaleh (JAH-leh) Square on "Black Friday." This event ultimately brought to power a man who advocated the Guardianship of the Jurist system. During this event, the SAVAK (SAH-vahk) secret police were dissolved and a man whose ideas were popularized on clandestine (*) cassette tapes returned from exile in Najaf (nah-JAHF). Student supporters of this event stormed an American embassy and took 66 hostages. The Pahlavi (PAH-lah-vee) Dynasty ended in, for 10 points, what 1979 event that brought Ayatollah Khomeini (AI-uh-toh-lah koh-may-NEE) to power?
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
An object belonging to this leader was captured by the 4th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment and is now in the Illinois State Military Museum. This leader's secretary Thomas Adams used a shipment of chicle brought by this leader to invent chewing gum. After receiving a wound in the Pastry War, this leader buried his amputated leg with full military honors. This leader committed the Goliad Massacre, which became a rallying cry for the troops that defended and captured this leader at the Battle of San Jacinto. Texas gained its independence from what general and president of Mexico who massacred the defenders of the Alamo?
Indira Gandhi
At age twelve, this leader led a movement of 60,000 young revolutionaries and informants known as the Monkey Brigade. To enforce a limit of two children per family, this leader instituted forced sterilization. The "Smiling'' Buddha nuclear test was conducted under this leader, who ruled through executive decree and suspended civil liberties during a period known as the (*) ''Emergency." After ordering an attack on the Golden Temple of Amritsar in Operation Blue Star, this woman was murdered by her Sikh bodyguards. For ten points, name this first and only female prime minister of India.
Cuba
At the beginning of this country's fight for independence, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes freed his slaves, and they fought together in the Ten Years' War. Its Revolt of the Sergeants was reversed by the 26th of July Movement, which ended the rule of Fulgencio Batista. Che Guevara helped move this Caribbean country to (*) Communism in 1959. For 10 points, name this nation that has been led by Raul and Fidel Castro.
Rafael Trujillo
During the US occupation of this man's country, he was part of the Constabulary Guard. This leader's fall from power occurred after he ordered a failed assassination attempt of Venezualian President Romulo Betancourt, although he had an easier time assassinating the Mirabal Sisters. This dictator, whose 1961 assassination was sponsored by the CIA, ordered the killing of nearly 20,000 Hatians during the Parsley Massacre. Name this longtime dictator of the Dominican Republic.
Tokugawa Shogunate
During this period, Christians were driven into hiding after the failure of the Shimabara Rebellion, and this period saw the enactment of the sakoku policy. This period was preceded by a time of unrest called the Sengoku Period. One ruler of this period hosted the Convention of Kanagawa, and after a successful siege of Osaka Castle, its first ruler defeated the Toyotomi clan. It began after the Battle of (*) Sekigahara, and the port of Nagasaki was the only entry point for foreigners during this period, which Matthew Perry once visited. For ten points, identify this Japanese shogunate succeeded by the Meiji Restoration and founded in 1600 by Ieyasu.
Incan Empire
Elaborately patterned fabrics worn by the rulers of this empire were called cumbi. An origin story claims that the semi-legendary founder of this empire was one of four brothers to emerge from the middle of three caves. Devices made of knotted string called quipus were used for record-keeping and writing by this empire. The death of Huayna Capac resulted in two brothers fighting a war for this empire's succession, in which Huascar was defeated. This empire's last emperor Atahualpa was executed in Cajamarca after being captured by Francisco Pizarro's conquistadors in 1533. Name this empire home to Machu Picchu that was centered in the Peruvian Andes.
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Four months before this battle, one side launched Operation Castor to set up an outpost to lure the other side into attacking. After his failure to supply adequate artillery support during this battle, Charles Piroth committed suicide. This battle's losing side, led by Christian de Castries, later signed the 1954 Geneva Accords with the winners, who were led by Vo Nguyen Giap. Name this victory for Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh, the last major battle of the First Indochina War.
Australia
In 1941, this country's leader had tacit support to usurp Winston Churchill while he served in the War Cabinet. That man was this country's longest-serving leader and was replaced by John Curtin. One leader of this country, Harold Holt, went missing in 1967 while swimming in the sea and acquired his position after Robert(*) Menzies's ("MING-us's") retirement. After beating the Liberal Party's Tony Abbott, Malcolm Trumbull led this country until 2018. For 10 points, name this country led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison from Canberra.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
In 1968, this man launched the War of Attrition in order to reclaim territory his country had lost the year prior. Charles Keightly led an assault on Port Said in response to one of this man's actions. After accusing Mohamed Naguib of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, this man united his country with Syria in the short-lived United Arab Republic. This man, who asked the USSR to fund the construction of the Aswan High Dam, expelled Jews after Dwight Eisenhower forced France, Britain, and Israel to stop their invasion of his country during the Suez Canal crisis. Anwar Sadat succeeded, for ten points, what Egyptian president?
Shah
In his memoir Answer to History, one holder of this position claimed that the British created his country's Tudeh Party. His predecessor in this position was a member of the Cossack Brigade who deposed the Qajar dynasty. A holder of this position employed the SAVAK secret police after coming to power in Operation (*) Ajax. That last holder of this title instituted the modernizing White Revolution and was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was replaced by the Islamic Republic of Ayatollah Khomeini. For 10 points, name this royal title of Iran.
Chile
In this country, "el ladrillo" detailed the economic policies advocated by the Chicago Boys. This country's copper industry was nationalized by a socialist leader who committed suicide at La Moneda Palace, (*) Salvador Allende. A longtime dictator of this country may have ordered the assassination of Pablo Neruda. For 10 points, name this South American country formerly led by Augusto Pinochet, which is governed from Santiago.
Haiti
In this nation, Polish soldiers who deserted from an invading force were given property rights and excluded from a massacre of foreigners. A leader of this country defeated Alexandre Petion and Andre Rigaud in the War of the Knives and later lost the Battle of Crete-a-Pierrot. In this country, (*) yellow fever nearly wiped out an army led by Charles Leclerc that was defeated by this country's eventual emperor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Toussaint L'Ouverture led a successful slave revolt in, for ten points, what nation that shares the island ofHispaniola with the Dominican Republic?
Thirty Years War
In this war, the Hakkapeliitta ["HAH-kep-el-EE-tah"] cavalry fought against the forces of Count Tilly. During the Battle of Lützen, which was fought in this war's Swedish phase, king Gustavus Adolphus was killed. The Peace of Augsburg, signed sixty years before this war, led to the rivalries between Catholic and Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire that caused it. The (*) Second Defenestration of Prague sparked this 17th century war ended by the Peace of Westphalia. For 10 points, what conflict is named for the amount of time it lasted, from 1618 to 1648?
South Africa
It's not France, but this country's forces invaded a neighboring country during its civil war as part of Operation Savannah. Daniel Francois Malan came into power after opposing this country's participation in World War II. During this country's Border War, this country's forces fought against SWAPO. This country cracked down on dissent following terrorist attacks by Umkhonto we Sizwe. The Soweto Uprising was violently crushed in this home country of the African National Congress. Name this county where Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid.
Rwandan Genocide
Jacques-Roger Booh Booh was criticized for limiting the actions of one force during this event, which was documented in the book Shake Hands With the Devil. Zone Turquoise was established to ostensibly protect people during this event. UNAMIR failed to stop this event, which took place following the signing of the Arusha Accords. The message "cut down the tall trees" signaled the beginning of the event which was sparked by the shooting down of Juvenal Habyarimana's plane. The Interahamwe were the primary perpetrators of this event, which ended after Paul Kagame took power. Name this event where thousands of Tutsis were killed by Hutus in an African country.
Afghanistan
One conflict in this country began to support the People's Democratic Party of [this country.] That conflict in this country began with Operation Storm-333, which saw the storming of the Tajbeg Palace and the killing of Hafizullah Amin. A communist group in this country came to power in the Saur Revolution. As part of Operation Cyclone, the CIA supplied guerilla fighters in this country with Stinger missiles. Many mujahideen fighters in this country went on to become members of the Taliban. The Soviet Union launched a failed invasion of what country with capital Kabul?
Korea
One kingdom in this region was initially a member of the Mahan Confederacy. It's not in China, but the "Heavenly Horse" Tomb was built by a different kingdom in this region. A 15th century ruler of a kingdom in this region set up a research institute known as the Hall of Worthies. The Baekje Kingdom was one of the Three Kingdoms of this region. This region became a "hermit kingdom" under the rule of the (*) Joseon Dynasty. One country on this peninsula follows the state ideology of juche. In June 1950, that country on this peninsula crossed the 38th parallel to attack its southern neighbor. For 10 points, name this East Asian peninsula whose northern half contains a country ruled by Kim Jong-un.
Ethiopia
One monarch of this country apocryphally used an electric chair for a throne as this country did not have electricity. One monarch of this country came to power by ending its Zemene Mesafint or "Era of Princes," though he later committed suicide. Robert Napier led a British expedition in this country to rescue several imprisoned missionaries. One invasion of this country was sparked by a mistranslation in the Treaty of Wuchale. That invasion of this country was led by Oreste Baratieri and was defeated by this country's monarch at the battle of Adwa. This country was historically ruled by the Solomonic Dynasty. What country was once ruled by Menelik II from Addis Ababa?
Cambodia
Operation Menu was an American bombing campaign during this country's civil war. The Maha Lout Ploh, a plan modeled after the Great Leap Forward, was instituted in this country by a regime that overthrew Lon Nol. That regime converted a high school in this country into the S-21 (*) killing fields and implemented the idea of Year Zero. A temple complex resembling Mount Meru was built in this country, where annual boat race festivals occur on the Tonle Sap lake. In 1978, neighboring Vietnam invaded this country, which was then ruled by Pol Pot from Phnom Penh. For ten points, name this country once ruled by the Khmer Rouge, the home of Angkor Wat.
Incan Emporer
People who held this position oversaw building feats including the fortress of Sacsayhuamán (SAK-say-wah-MAHN) and a road network used by chasquis (CHAH-skees). During a civil war between two half-brothers claiming this position, Atoc won the Battle of Chillopampa (CHEE-yohPAHM-pah) prior to several victories by Quizquiz (KEEZ-keez). This title was abolished following the execution of (*) Tupac Amaru I (TOO-pahk ah-MAH-roo the first). A holder of this position offered a room full of gold to Francisco Pizarro in 1532. For 10 points, identify this position held by Atahualpa (ah-tah-WAL-pah) that led an empire in the Andes.
Battle of Coral Sea
Prior to this battle, one side had successfully invaded the island of Tulagi as part of Operation Mo, whose objective led to this battle. This battle saw the sinking of the aircraft carrier Shoho, while the flagship of Admiral Frank Fletcher was badly damaged. Japan claimed victory after this battle, in which the US lost the USS Lexington, although it failed to achieve its objective of Port Moresby. This was the first naval battle in which the ships from each side did not directly engage. Name this World War II battle that occurred a month before Midway.
Siege of Qingdao
Reconnaissance pilot Gunther Pluschow was regarded as "the hero of [this battle]" after he downed an enemy plane with his pistol. The defenders in this battle, which occupied Prinz Heinrich Hill and Fort Bismarck, were sent to the Bando POW camp after being captured. After landing at Lau Shan Bay, Kamio Mitsuomi's forces dug parallel trenches, employing a similar strategy as they had nine years before during the Battle of Port Arthur. Prior to this battle, Maximilian von Spee evacuated much of the East Asia Squadron from port. For ten points, name this 1914 battle in which Japanese and British forces captured a German colony in China.
Safavid Empire
Residents of this empire showed respect for peers by assuming the four-kneed tehanazou posture, according to a travelogue by Jean Chardin. This empire built the Chahar Bagh avenue through its capital, which also contains the blue-tiled Shah Mosque. The core of this empire's early cavalry was comprised of religious militant Turkomans whose name meant "red heads," and who were defeated by the skilled gunners of Selim the Grim at the Battle of (*) Chaldiran. This empire's devout Shi'a qizilbash warriors were organized by its first ruler, Isma'il I. It reached its greatest extent under Abbas I, who transformed its carpet industry into a major export. For 10 points, name this empire which ruled Iran from the 16th through 18th centuries.
sugar
Settlements called bateyes were centered around the production of this good. This commodity was produced by Carlos Manuel de Cespedes in a country where it was often produced on farms called colonos. A 1791 pamphlet by William Fox sought to encourage a boycott of this commodity among citizens of Britain, whose colony of Barbados was a center for the production of this commodity. This good was shipped from the West Indies to New England, where it was refined into liquid forms such as molasses. Many Caribbean plantations produced what sweet substance which enslaved people extracted from its namesake cane?
Indonesia
The "Ethical Policy" sought to improve the welfare of this country's people while it was under colonial rule. A ruler of this country hired a group of economists known as the "Berkeley Mafia" to help grow this country's economy. Thousands of communists in this country were killed after a failed coup carried out the 30th of September Movement. A later coup in this country brought a regime known as the "New Order" to power. A leader of this country centralized power under the system of "Guided Democracy." Sukarno led this country's independence struggle against Dutch colonial rule. Name this Southeast Asian country with capital at Jakarta.
Kuwait
The Battle of Chains was fought in this modern-day country, and the Battle of Jahra was fought in a post-World-War-I conflict between this country and the emirate of Najd. This country became a protectorate of Great Britain under Mubarak the Great, a leader from this country's Al-Sabah family. This country's dinar is the world's most valuable currency, and Operation Desert Storm was carried out after this country was invaded. Name this Middle Eastern nation that was invaded by Iraq during the Gulf War.
Sri Lanka
The Black July pogroms targeted one minority ethnic group in this country. Agnes de Silva agitated for women's suffrage to be included in this country's 1931 Donoughmore Constitution, which made this country the first Asian democracy with universal suffrage. In 1915, anti-Muslim riots occurred when this country's "Moors" attempted to stop a Buddhist Perahera procession in (*) Kandy. A conflict in this country that saw the deployment of Indian Peacekeeping Forces led to the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. Tensions between the majority Sinhala ethnic group and the separatist Tamil Tigers led to a civil war in this country. For 10 points, name this country with capital Colombo, an island southeast of India.
China
The Lambing Flat riots targeted people originally from this present-day country at Stoney Creek and other gold fields. Ned Kelly's first run-in with the law was being accused of robbery by a pig farmer originally from this country. Many people fled to Australia from this country during the (*) Punti-Hakka clan wars. A city in this country is the namesake of a practice of forcibly retaining sailors on ships. An 1882 "exclusion act" curtailed immigration to the U.S. from, for 10 points, what country that provided many workers on the Transcontinental Railroad?
Australia
The Pintupi Nine, this country's "last nomads", were finally contacted in 1984. Colonists in this nation fought the Gunditjmara people in the Eumeralla Wars, and several native inhabitants of this country were killed in the Myall Creek Massacre. This country commemorates abuses committed against its native population on National Sorry Day. This nation's prime minister (*) Kevin Rudd formally apologized to natives who were seized from their parents and forced to live with white families. The Stolen Generations lived in, for ten points, what county whose Aboriginal people were the original inhabitants of places like Sydney and Melbourne?
Sepoy Mutiny
The Siege of Cawnpore during this conflict was led by Nana Saheb, who sought to restore the Maratha Confederacy. This conflict was instigated in part due to hatred of the Doctrine of Lapse and the execution of Mangal Pandey. Colin Campbell helped to relieve a siege of Lucknow during this revolt, which started with rumors that cartridges for Enfield rifles were greased in pig fat. Name this revolt which led to the dissolution of the British East India Company and establishment of the British Raj.
Cambodia
The U.S supported Lon Nol in his coup against this country's King Sihanouk ["SEE-hah-nuke"]. A high school in this country was converted into the prison and execution camp S-21, one of its "killing fields." Millions of people were killed in the 1970s under (*) Pol Pot, who led this country's Khmer Rouge regime. The temple complex Angkor Wat is in this country. The Ho Chi Minh trail passed through Vietnam, Laos, and, for 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation governed from Phnom Penh?
Libya
The US intervened in this country through Operation Odyssey Dawn to enforce UN Resolution 1973. US F-14 Tomcats shot down two Soviet-made aircraft from this country in the Gulf of Sidra incident. Ronald Reagan ordered airstrikes on this country in Operation El Dorado Canyon after this country's leader was accused of sponsoring the 1986 West Berlin discothèque (*) bombing. An attack in this country resulted in the death of US ambassador J. Christopher Stevens. In 2012, the militia group Ansar al-Sharia attacked two US government facilities in this country's city of Benghazi. For 10 points, name this North African country once led by Muammar Gaddafi.
Uganda
The death of a cow named Bihogo was said to mark the fall of a kingdom that once existed in this modern day country. Following the Mengo Crisis, Edward Mutesa II, the ruler of a subnational kingdom in this country, was exiled. The Nakivubo [nah-key-voo-bowJ Pronouncement, which supported the ''Move to the Left", was issued by this country's ruler (*) Milton Obote. A dictator of this nation was advised by Bob Astles, infamously expelled 50,000 Asians from his country, and declared himself to be the "last king of Scotland." For ten points, what country was once ruled by Idi Amin?
Mughal Dynasty
The earliest depiction of the dodo bird in color was made by this dynasty's artist Ustad Mansur (OO-stahd mahn-SOOR). The painting Prince with a Falcon depicts a popular hobby of this dynasty in a form used up to 1400 times in some of its manuscripts, miniature painting. Over 410 fountains were included in the Shalimar Gardens during this dynasty, whose architect (*) Ustad Lahauri (OOstad lah-hah-OR-ee) designed a tomb for Mumtaz (MOOM-tahz). For 10 points, name this dynasty whose emperor Shah Jahan (jah-HAHN) commissioned the Taj Mahal during its rule as the last Muslim dynasty to control most of India.
India
The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputed the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.
Mexico City
The lackluster response to a devastating 1985 earthquake in this city damaged president Miguel de la Madrid's reputation. In 1968, protestors were gunned down at the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in this city's Tlatelolco (tuh-LAT-lee-LOH-koh) neighborhood shortly before it hosted the (*) Summer Olympics. The Institutional Revolutionary Party ruled from this capital city from 1929 to 2000. This capital city contains the Museo del Templo Mayor and the Frida Kahlo Museum. For 10 points, name this capital city built over the former Aztec capital.
Toussaint L'Ouverture
The leader's envoy, Joseph Bunel, negotiated the first trade agreement between the U.S. and this leader's country. This leader was imprisoned in Fort de Joux after his capture, during which he declared his captors had only cut down the "trunk of the tree of liberty." This leader fought the War of the Knives against his rival, Andre Rigaud. This leader's country eventually achieved independence under his lieutenants Henri Christophe and Hean-Jacques Dessalines. This leader rose to prominence as the leader of a rebellion in the colony of Saint-Domingue. Name this former slave who became the leader of the Haitian Revolution.
Tomoyuki Yamashita
The ownership of a stash of gold which had allegedly been hidden by this man became the subject of a lawsuit filed by Rogelio Roxas against Ferdinand Marcos. The precedent of command responsibility was set with this man when he was executed for war crimes committed by his troops despite the lack of evidence that he was aware they were occurring. This general's troops rode on bicycles during one campaign, the success of which led to the largest surrender in British military history. For ten points, name this Japanese general who earned the nickname "Tiger of Malaya" for capturing Singapore in seventy days.
Tiananmen Square protests
The reforms ended by this event prompted its country's leader to make a Southern Tour three years later emphasizing that "to get rich is glorious." Foam and pagier-mache were used to make a giant statue of the Goddess of Democracy at this event. This event sparked by the death of (*) Hu Yaobang was crushed by 300,000 soldiers sent by Deng Xiaoping. In this event's most famous photo, a road with vehicles is blocked by a "Tank Man." For 10 points, name this heavily censored event that ended on June 4th, 1989 in the main square of Beijing.
Aborigines
The separation of these peoples' children from their families was detailed in the Bringing them Home Report. National Sorry Day commemorates the mistreatment of these people's "Stolen Generations." These peoples' myths feature a sandstone rock formation once named for (*) Henry Ayers, Uluru. For 10 points, name these people British explorers met in the Outback, the indigenous peoples of Australia.
Algeria
The use of torture during a war in this country was condemned by the Manifesto of the 121. Many native auxiliaries during that war in this country known as the harkis were seen as traitors and killed after that war ended. The Cafe Wars were fought by rival nationalist groups in this country. The (*) OAS launched terrorist attacks to oppose the independence of this country. Charles de Gaulle opened negotiations with the FLN for the independence of this country, which was achieved through the Evian Accords. For 10 points, name this former French colony in North Africa with capital Algiers.
Maya Civilization
This civilization built a temple on which snake-shaped shadows can be seen on the equinoxes that's dedicated to the serpent god, Kukulkán. Evidence of this civilization's language, the only fully developed one in the pre-Columbian Americas, is found in cities like Palenque and Tikal. The Long Count timekeeping system was developed by this civilization centered in the (*) Yucatán Peninsula that built step pyramids in the city of Chichen Itza. For 10 points, which Mesoamerican civilization's calendar predicted the world would end in 2012?
Dirty War
This conflict was preceded by the Ezeiza massacre, which ended an alliance between left- and right-wing supporters of a namesake leader on the day of his return from exile. Eighteen people, including 91-year-old Miguel Etchecolatz, are currently on trial for torture and baby theft that occurred during this conflict, the aftermath of which has seen the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo recover 130 (*) stolen children. Operation Condor supported the perpetrators of this period of state terrorism, during which some dissidents were thrown from military aircraft. For 10 points, name this 1976 to 1983 period of state terrorism in Argentina.
Argentina
This country launched Operation Soberanía in order to resolve a dispute over some islands with its western neighbor before Pope John Paul II personally mediated the conflict. Starting in 1977, women in this country who started protesting and demanding the return of their "disappeared" children became known as the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. The AAA death squad killed hundreds of left-wing (*) Montoneros in this country during its Dirty War, part of Operation Condor. This country was led by the dictator Jorge Videla after he led a coup against Isabel Peron, the wife of an earlier president of this country. For 10 points, name this country led from Buenos Aires.
Ethiopia
This country was initially rejected from the League of Nations for not abolishing slavery; its leader later made a famous speech condemning the League's inaction in the face of chemical warfare in this country. This country won the Ogaden War under Mengistu's communist regime, the(*) Derg. Under its Solomonic Dynasty's King Menelik II, this country defeated an Italian invasion at the Battle of Adowa. One of only two African countries to avoid colonization, for 10 points, name this country of Haile Selassie with capital Addis Ababa.
South Korea
This country's first leader and his Austrian wife Franziska Donner fled to Hawai'i after he was forced out of power. Suspected communists in this country were killed in the Bodo League Massacre. Protests by labor groups and students in this country's Masan Harbor led to the start of this country's April Revolution. U.S. forces supporting this country in conflict were commanded by Matthew Ridgeway after the dismissal of Douglass MacArthur. An armistice signed at Panmunjom ended that 1950's conflict during which this country was invaded by the forces of Kim Il-Sung. Name this Asian country separated from its northern neighbor by the DMZ.
South Korea
This country's first president instituted an ideology of ethnic homogeneity known as the "One-People Principle" and was taken to Hawaii by the CIA after being deposed. An attempted assassination of another leader of this country was conducted at the Blue House in 1968. Thiscountry's first female leader led it from 2013 until her 2017 (*) impeachment. Syngman Rhee led this country during its war with its communist northern neighbor, while Park Chung-hee oversaw its rapid economic growth during his tenure as its military dictator. For ten points, name this country governed from Seoul.
Saudi Arabia
This country's government planned the construction of the Trojena mountain resort and a 170 kilometer long linear city in its Neom project. Members of this country's Tiger Squad were involved in the assasination of the dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi. The initial public offering of (*) Aramco, this country's national oil company, was proclaimed by its crown prince, Mohamed bin Salman. For 10 points, name this oil-rich country governed from Riyadh.
Argentina
This country's politics were once dominated by the "Generation of '80," including Julio Roca, who earlier displaced the Mapuche (mah-POO-chay) people during this country's Conquest of the Desert. The 25th article of this country's 1853 constitution promoted European immigration, leading to 60% of this country's present-day population having (*) Italian ancestry. The 1881 Boundary Treaty divided Tierra del Fuego (tee-AIR-ah del FWAY-goh) between this country and a smaller neighbor that shares Patagonia. For 10 points, name this country that has a 3300-mile-long border with Chile.
Bengal Famine of 1943
This event was partially blamed on John Herbert and the Marquess of Linlithgow. Under editor Ian Stephens, The Statesman published images of this event which directed attention to it. Leopold Amery requested aid during this event, which was caused in part due to the practice of the (+) Denial Policy. Archibald Wavell directed the response to this event, and one leader blamed this event on its own victims for breeding like rats. This event was exacerbated by loss of Burma to Japanese forces and the refusal to import rice from other regions. For ten points, name this massive Indian famine for which Winston Churchill drew criticism.
Iranian Revolution
This event was triggered by protests following the Cinema Rex fire. It's not the Great Depression, but protestors in Jaleh Square were killed on Black Friday during this event. This event was partially caused by anger toward the reforms of the White Revolution. Shapour Bakhtiar pushed through a number of reforms in this event, such as the dissolution of the SAVAK secret police. This event resulted in 52 hostages being taken in the American embassy. Name this 1979 event that ended the rule of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and brought Ayatollah Khomeini to power.
Khmer Rouge
This group smashed the children of people they executed on chankiri trees to ensure they would not rebel when they were older. The War Powers Act was first invoked after this group captured the merchant ship, USS Mayaguez. The Santebal secret police was used by this group, which favored "Old People," such as farmers, over "New People," who were often urban-dwellers and intellectuals. This group converted a former high school into the notorious prison and torture chamber S-21. Millions of people were executed in this group's "Killing Fields." Name this Communist group headed by Pol Pot, which brutally ruled Cambodia in the 1970's.
General Augusto Pinochet
This leader used an isolated location known as Dignity Colony and a ship named the Esmeralda as torture locations under his reign. During Operation Colombo, this man's DINA secret police eliminated and abducted dissidents. General Joaquin Lagos resigned after 56 residents of Antofagasta were killed by this leader's (*) "Caravan of Death." Informal advisors to this leader known as the Chicago Boys helped institute laissez-faire policies in his country. The CIA might have backed this leader's 1973 coup that overthrew his Socialist predecessor. For ten points, name this dictator who replaced Salvador Allende as the President of Chile.
Nikita Khrushchev
This man's 1957 visit to the Turkish embassy in his country ended a summer crisis over military influence in Syria. This leader, who launched the failed Virgin Lands Campaign, left the Four Powers Summit after only a day due to tensions over the (*) U-2 incident. The satellite Sputnik was launched under this leader, with whom Fidel Castro struck a deal to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. This leader's "Secret Speech" denounced the repression of the Stalin era. For 10 points, name this Soviet politician who bested Georgy Malenkov in a 1950s leadership struggle.
Argentina
This non-US country saw the execution of Severino di Giovanni and a show trial of Sacco and Vanzetti during the "Infamous Decade." This country's leader Leopoldo Galtieri began a war that saw it lose the ARA Ge11eral Belgrano. One leader of this country was supported by the descamisados and married the actress(*) Evita; soon after his death, a military coup ushered in the Di1ty War. This country fought the 1982 Falklands War with the UK. For 10 points, name this South Ame1ican country once led by Juan Peron, which has its capital at Buenos Aires.
Sir John Alexander Macdonald
This politician was criticized in the political cartoon "Whither are we Drifting?", one of many depicting him by John Wilson Bengough. This politician resigned from his highest post after Lucius Huntington revealed that he had taken a $10,000 bribe from Hugh Allan. This non-German politician joined with his rival George Brown to form the "Great Coalition" at the Charlottetown Conference. His government suppressed the (*) Red River Rebellion by the Metis Louis Riel. This politician was replaced by Alexander Mackenzie after he was implicated in the Pacific Scandal. For 10 points, name this first Prime Minister of Canada.
Pierre Trudeau
This prime minister proposed sharing oil revenues in the National Energy Program, leading to a national debate on "western alienation." This prime minister outlined his urban reform and minority improvement plans called a "Just Society." After the death of Pierre Laporte, this man told reporters (*) "just watch me" following his invocation of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis. Support for this politician inspired a namesake "mania" in a 1968 election. For 10 points, name this Liberal Canadian prime minister during the 1970s.
Akbar the Great
This ruler carried out a language deprivation experiment wherein be ordered wet nurses not to speak to infants. This ruler's finance minister Todar Mal imposed the dahsala system of land taxation while this ruler reformed his army through the mansabdari system. A history of this ruler's reign was written by Abu'l Fazl who was a member of his court's (*) "Nine Jewels." This emperor dismissed his mentor Bairam Khan after he won the Second Battle of Panipat. This emperor repealed the jizya tax on bis non-Muslim subjects, and was succeeded by Jahangir. For 10 points, name this third Mughal emperor, known as "the great."
Akbar
This ruler moved his capital to the planned city of Fatehpur Sikri but lost interest and later moved to Lahore. This ruler's regent Bairam Khan was killed for helping him defeat Hemu. This ruler's actions in support of religious plurality included abolishing the jizya tax, marrying a Rajput princess, and creating the (*) Din-i-llahi, his own faith. This ruler succeeded Humayun and won the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, retaking North India. For 10 points name this third Mughal Emperor whose name means "great," the grandson of Babur.
Emporer Meiji
This ruler's predecessor increased imperial power by responding to the Harris Treaty with an "order to expel barbarians." In a triumph of sonno joi, this ruler defeated the Ezo Republic and won the Boshin War, during which he promoted a five-point constitutional document, the (*) Charter Oath. This ruler suppressed Saigo's Satsuma Rebellion, often called the last stand of the samurai. For 10 points, name this emperor, grandfather of Hirohito, who dissolved the Tokugawa Shogunate and modernized Japan during his namesake restoration.
Liberal Party of Canada
While running for leadership of this organization, one politician did not take cover while being pelted by rocks during a St. John the Baptist Day Parade. This organization first came to lead one country as a result of the Pacific Scandal. One politician in this party invoked the War Measures Act in order to resolve the October Crisis. William Lyon (*)Mackenzie King succeeded Wilfrid Laurier as the leader of this party. Pierre Trudeau, a prime minister from this party, presided over the 1980 Québec Independence Referendum. For 10 points, name this Canadian political party that is opposed by the Conservatives.
