World History Semester One Finals

1st Triumvirate

Alliance between Pompey, Crassus, & Caesar. Goal: To help each other succeed

Edict of Milan

Allowed freedom of religious worship throughout Rome

Thutmose III

An Egyptian ruler who stretched Egypts borders to its greatest extent

The Silk Road

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.

Crusade

Any war given religious justification

Martin Luther

The Germanic monk that wrote and posted the 95 theses on the door of the church

Clovis

The King of Franks that converted to Christianity to earn respect from Citizens

Middle Ages

The Middle ages were Unpredictable

Decline of the Roman Empire

1) Exhausted farmers 2) Costly Military Maintenance3) Invading forces

How Rome kept control of territory?

1) Place occupying soldiers in conquered territory 2) Had a complex road system 3) Allowed conquered regions to keep their culture, religions,& government 4) Kind to conquered people

Persian War

1st led by Darius. 1st between Athens & Ecritia

Feudalism

A loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service & support to a greater lord Problem: Could have loyalties to other gods.

Henry VII

A rude King that had many wives

Menes

He united the Upper & Lower Region of Egypt

The Black Death

Bubonic Plague. Symptoms of the Black Death: 1) Egg-sized lumps under arms 2) Fever/Vomiting/Black-Spots 3) Spitting blood; ⅓ Death Rate

Julius Caesar

He wanted the sole consulship of Gaul and Fame & wealth & fought a Civil war with Pompey. He declared himself a Dictator for life.

Buddhism

Chinese religion gave women education if they became Buddhist nuns & was popular during the Han dynasty

Delian League

Created by Athens. Purpose: To ward off Persia

Peloponnesian League

Created by sparta. Purpose: To conquer the Delian League

Knights

European nobles who served as a mounted warriors

Vernacular

Everyday language of common people

Memphis

First Egyptian capital

Hatshepsut

First female ruler in Egypt

Greek Religion

Good & Evil Polytheistic

Polis

Greek city-state

Nero

He blamed Christians for the Roman fire

Amenhotep IV

He challenged powerful priests of Amon-Re & failed

John Calvin

He created the Calvinist Faith

William the Conqueror-Domesday Book

He created the complete census that allowed complete taxation the Domesday book

Xerxes

He led the 2nd Persian war and was thought to be a god by his people

Theodosius

He made Christianity the official religion of Rome

Alexander the Great

He was ruthless and died of Malaria in Iran

Fate of Julius Caesar

He was stabbed to death on the Senate floor

Ramses II

He was well-known Egyptian ruler who ruled for 66 years

Hyksos

Introduced horse drawn war chariots

Johann Gutenberg

Invented the printing press

Yellow River

It developed isolation from other civilizations due to natural barriers

Magna Carta

It gave nobles more rights & made Kings abide by the law. Signed by King John

Chivalry

Knight's code of conduct Rules: 1) Fear God & His Church 2) Serve the liege Lord in valor & Faith 3) Protect the weak & defenseless 4) Live by honor & for glory 5) Respect the honor of women

Marcus Aurelius

Last of the 5 Great Roman Emperors

Spanish Inquisition

Led by Queen Isabella of Castile & King Ferdinand of Aragon. Goal: To rid Spain of Heretics

Common Law

Legal system of custom & court rulings, created by Henry II

Indulgences

Lessening the time a soul has to spend in purgatory

Advances in learning

Math, Medicine, Astrology

Pax Romana

Means Roman Peace

The Han Dynasty & its leaders

Mix of Legalistic & Confucianism principles

Sparta Government

Mix of Monarchy, oligarchy, & democracy

Forms of government

Monarchy, Democracy, Oligarchy and Gerontocracy

Renaissance

New Birth

Due Process of Law

No arbitrary arrest or imprisonment, quick & fair trial, right to be judged by peers

Habeas Copus

No imprisonment without charge for the crime

Martyrs

People or suffer/die for their beliefs

Joan of Arc

She led French armies to several victories, was captured by English at 17, and was burned at the stake for being a "witch"

Papal Supremacy

Pope had the authority to crown or de-crown secular rulers

Catholic Reformation

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.

Early Roman Republic & Government

Res Publica mean that which belongs to the people (AKA Republic Today) Senate serve for Life In Early Roman government, only Patricians held positions in Senate & as Consuls.

Egyptian afterlife and burial

Sinners- They would be fed to the "Eater of the Dead" Worthy- Entered the "Happy Field of Food"

Cultural Diffusion

Spread of culture to multiple people or regions

Egyptian Government

System of government with departments & Levels of Authority

Epidemic

The Rapid spread of a disease

The Mandate of Heaven

The belief that Heavens had the right to choose who would rule

Warring States Period

The feudal decentralized system led to rulers becoming independent of the Zhou Dynasty

Shang

The first official Chinese dynasty, laid the foundation for Chinese civilization, built walled cities, had strong kings

Shi Huangdi

The first to unify China

Octavian

The first true emperor of the Roman Empire

Visigoths

The people who sacked Rome

Diocletian

The person who split the empire in ½ (Took eastern ½ & gave western ½ to Maximin)

Daoism

The religion promoted a set of ethics; Harmony w/ nature; "Way of Nature"

Confucianism

The religion that emphasized personal virtue & reference for tradition among all classes (Also Commanded obedience & respect)

The Nile

The river Egypt was formed alone (The longest river)

Trojan war

War of love

Mycenaeans

They battled Troy in the Trojan war

Minoans

They began the myths of the Lost City of Atlantis

Zhou Dynasty

They created a Feudalistic Government

The Qin Dynasty & its leaders

They created the First Chinese Empire, that also used fear to discipline

Athens

They were known for their Navy & Prosperous economy in Greece

Sparta

They were known for their military nation in Greece

Imperialism

To establish control over foreign lands

Excommunication

To give someone no religious sacraments for their burial, condemning them to hell

Rosetta Stone

Used to decipher ancient writings

Thomas More

Wrote Utopia

Athens life

appreciated education, art, music, & literature

Augustus

exalted one

Protestant Reformation

focused less on Christian Eternity and more on everyday rights

Athens government

organized court & jury system

1st Punic War

the fight for the islands of Sicily & Corsica

Sparta life

trained for a rigorous life, no time for sick children, arts, ideas, education, forbade citizens to travel, looked down on wealth