World History Semester One Finals
1st Triumvirate
Alliance between Pompey, Crassus, & Caesar. Goal: To help each other succeed
Edict of Milan
Allowed freedom of religious worship throughout Rome
Thutmose III
An Egyptian ruler who stretched Egypts borders to its greatest extent
The Silk Road
An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.
Crusade
Any war given religious justification
Martin Luther
The Germanic monk that wrote and posted the 95 theses on the door of the church
Clovis
The King of Franks that converted to Christianity to earn respect from Citizens
Middle Ages
The Middle ages were Unpredictable
Decline of the Roman Empire
1) Exhausted farmers 2) Costly Military Maintenance3) Invading forces
How Rome kept control of territory?
1) Place occupying soldiers in conquered territory 2) Had a complex road system 3) Allowed conquered regions to keep their culture, religions,& government 4) Kind to conquered people
Persian War
1st led by Darius. 1st between Athens & Ecritia
Feudalism
A loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service & support to a greater lord Problem: Could have loyalties to other gods.
Henry VII
A rude King that had many wives
Menes
He united the Upper & Lower Region of Egypt
The Black Death
Bubonic Plague. Symptoms of the Black Death: 1) Egg-sized lumps under arms 2) Fever/Vomiting/Black-Spots 3) Spitting blood; ⅓ Death Rate
Julius Caesar
He wanted the sole consulship of Gaul and Fame & wealth & fought a Civil war with Pompey. He declared himself a Dictator for life.
Buddhism
Chinese religion gave women education if they became Buddhist nuns & was popular during the Han dynasty
Delian League
Created by Athens. Purpose: To ward off Persia
Peloponnesian League
Created by sparta. Purpose: To conquer the Delian League
Knights
European nobles who served as a mounted warriors
Vernacular
Everyday language of common people
Memphis
First Egyptian capital
Hatshepsut
First female ruler in Egypt
Greek Religion
Good & Evil Polytheistic
Polis
Greek city-state
Nero
He blamed Christians for the Roman fire
Amenhotep IV
He challenged powerful priests of Amon-Re & failed
John Calvin
He created the Calvinist Faith
William the Conqueror-Domesday Book
He created the complete census that allowed complete taxation the Domesday book
Xerxes
He led the 2nd Persian war and was thought to be a god by his people
Theodosius
He made Christianity the official religion of Rome
Alexander the Great
He was ruthless and died of Malaria in Iran
Fate of Julius Caesar
He was stabbed to death on the Senate floor
Ramses II
He was well-known Egyptian ruler who ruled for 66 years
Hyksos
Introduced horse drawn war chariots
Johann Gutenberg
Invented the printing press
Yellow River
It developed isolation from other civilizations due to natural barriers
Magna Carta
It gave nobles more rights & made Kings abide by the law. Signed by King John
Chivalry
Knight's code of conduct Rules: 1) Fear God & His Church 2) Serve the liege Lord in valor & Faith 3) Protect the weak & defenseless 4) Live by honor & for glory 5) Respect the honor of women
Marcus Aurelius
Last of the 5 Great Roman Emperors
Spanish Inquisition
Led by Queen Isabella of Castile & King Ferdinand of Aragon. Goal: To rid Spain of Heretics
Common Law
Legal system of custom & court rulings, created by Henry II
Indulgences
Lessening the time a soul has to spend in purgatory
Advances in learning
Math, Medicine, Astrology
Pax Romana
Means Roman Peace
The Han Dynasty & its leaders
Mix of Legalistic & Confucianism principles
Sparta Government
Mix of Monarchy, oligarchy, & democracy
Forms of government
Monarchy, Democracy, Oligarchy and Gerontocracy
Renaissance
New Birth
Due Process of Law
No arbitrary arrest or imprisonment, quick & fair trial, right to be judged by peers
Habeas Copus
No imprisonment without charge for the crime
Martyrs
People or suffer/die for their beliefs
Joan of Arc
She led French armies to several victories, was captured by English at 17, and was burned at the stake for being a "witch"
Papal Supremacy
Pope had the authority to crown or de-crown secular rulers
Catholic Reformation
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.
Early Roman Republic & Government
Res Publica mean that which belongs to the people (AKA Republic Today) Senate serve for Life In Early Roman government, only Patricians held positions in Senate & as Consuls.
Egyptian afterlife and burial
Sinners- They would be fed to the "Eater of the Dead" Worthy- Entered the "Happy Field of Food"
Cultural Diffusion
Spread of culture to multiple people or regions
Egyptian Government
System of government with departments & Levels of Authority
Epidemic
The Rapid spread of a disease
The Mandate of Heaven
The belief that Heavens had the right to choose who would rule
Warring States Period
The feudal decentralized system led to rulers becoming independent of the Zhou Dynasty
Shang
The first official Chinese dynasty, laid the foundation for Chinese civilization, built walled cities, had strong kings
Shi Huangdi
The first to unify China
Octavian
The first true emperor of the Roman Empire
Visigoths
The people who sacked Rome
Diocletian
The person who split the empire in ½ (Took eastern ½ & gave western ½ to Maximin)
Daoism
The religion promoted a set of ethics; Harmony w/ nature; "Way of Nature"
Confucianism
The religion that emphasized personal virtue & reference for tradition among all classes (Also Commanded obedience & respect)
The Nile
The river Egypt was formed alone (The longest river)
Trojan war
War of love
Mycenaeans
They battled Troy in the Trojan war
Minoans
They began the myths of the Lost City of Atlantis
Zhou Dynasty
They created a Feudalistic Government
The Qin Dynasty & its leaders
They created the First Chinese Empire, that also used fear to discipline
Athens
They were known for their Navy & Prosperous economy in Greece
Sparta
They were known for their military nation in Greece
Imperialism
To establish control over foreign lands
Excommunication
To give someone no religious sacraments for their burial, condemning them to hell
Rosetta Stone
Used to decipher ancient writings
Thomas More
Wrote Utopia
Athens life
appreciated education, art, music, & literature
Augustus
exalted one
Protestant Reformation
focused less on Christian Eternity and more on everyday rights
Athens government
organized court & jury system
1st Punic War
the fight for the islands of Sicily & Corsica
Sparta life
trained for a rigorous life, no time for sick children, arts, ideas, education, forbade citizens to travel, looked down on wealth