World History Unit 2 Answers PHS

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__________ were an eastern Germanic tribe that revolted against the Roman army.

Ostrogoth

Who retold Greek and Roman legends and myths about the history of the world in Metamorphoses?

Ovid

Who was a Greek historian that wrote The Histories, a record of the Greco-Persian wars?

Herodotus

Who was the Greek historian and author of The Histories, a record of the Greco-Persian wars?

Herodotus

Sparta's capture of __________ led to Athens' surrender in the __________ War.

Hellenspont; Peloponnesian

_________ refers to taking a position of authority.

Inaugurating

A direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the people participate in government ____________.

without representatives

During the time of the Roman Empire, _______ were educated and allowed to own property, but they could not vote.

women

The rulers of the _________ were warrior-kings.

Mycenaeans

Who was the Greek philosopher who was a pupil of Socrates and author of The Republic?

Plato

_________ believed that physical objects were imperfect reflections of their perfect "Forms."

Plato

_________________ were middle and lower class members of Roman society.

Plebeians

After the Punic Wars, which country made an alliance with Rome, which was now master of the Mediterranean?

Egypt

________ was the chief priest of Rome.

Pontifex Maximus

_____________ means to make courageous.

Emboldened

Choose the letter that corresponds to Crete.

B

The period between ___________ was called the "dark age" of Greece.

1150 BC-800 BC

King Xerxes invaded Greece by land and by sea with __________ troops.

150,000

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Mediterranean Sea.

A

The growth of Greek civilization was helped by the __________ Sea.

Aegean

Who was the great military leader who remained undefeated in battle?

Alexander the Great

________________ took the throne of Macedon after his father was assassinated.

Alexander the Great

The _______________ Period reflected the mixture of Greek culture with cultures of the East.

Hellenistic

______________ were constructed for the purpose of supplying water to large cities.

Aqueducts

Who was the engineer and physicist that developed and improved devices for military defense, irrigation, and lifting heavy objects?

Archimedes

The first known astronomer to assert that the Earth revolved around the sun was _______________.

Aristarchus

Who was a mathematician and astronomer?

Aristarchus of Samos

The teachings of ______________ helped Alexander to maintain control of the Greek city-states and their resources.

Aristotle

Who was the Greek philosopher who studied a wide variety of fields such as anatomy, biology, geology, physics, mathematics, drama, poetry, and politics?

Aristotle

Who was the Greek philosopher who taught Alexander the Great?

Aristotle

The stone cylinder of __________ is considered the first charter of human rights.

Cyrus the Great

The ___________________ government was ruled by a council of three archons: archon eponymous, polemarch, and archon basileus.

Athenian

The modern day marathon is based on the remarkable efforts of a(n) _______ messenger.

Athenian

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Aegean Sea.

C

Who is considered the first emperor of Rome?

Caesar Augustus

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Anatolian Peninsula.

D

Who was the ruler of the Persian Empire that was defeated by Alexander the Great?

Darius III

_________________ was responsible for the election of the Roman consuls.

Centuriate Assembly

Who was Rome's greatest orator, politician, philosopher, and prose writer?

Cicero

Who organized society into ten tribes preparing Athenians to accept a democratic form of government in 501 BC?

Cleisthenes

Who was the emperor that moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium?

Constantine

__________ were imported to Rome.

Diamonds

The two main styles of Greek architecture were ______ and _______.

Doric; Ionic

Choose the letter that corresponds to Asia Minor.

E

Identify the correct letter for Athens on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Crete on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Asia Minor on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Greece mainland on the map above. Identify the correct letter for the Mediterranean Sea on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Sparta on the map above.

E F D C B G

Who was the Hellenistic philosopher who taught that all that is good is pleasurable and all that is bad is painful?

Epicurus

Who was the inventor of the geographical system of longitude and latitude?

Eratosthenes

The ________ introduced the Romans to Greek culture.

Etruscans

__________________ is considered the "Father of Geometry" for writing the textbook The Elements of Geometry.

Euclid

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Archipelago.

F

Identify the correct letter for Sicily. Identify the correct letter for the Italian Peninsula. Identify the correct letter for Spain. Identify the correct letter for Carthage. Identify the correct letter for Rome. Identify the correct letter for Africa. Identify the correct letter for Corsica. Identify the correct letter for the Tiber River. Identify the correct letter for Macedonia.

F H C G E D A I B

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Archipelago. Choose the letter that corresponds to the Aegean Sea.

F C

Choose the letter that corresponds to Hellespont (Dardanelles).

G

The Romans worshiped many of the same gods as the __________.

Greeks

Choose the letter that corresponds to the Balkan Peninsula.

H

Which foreign general tried to attack Rome by marching over the Alps in the Second Punic War?

Hannibal

Which of the following did not pertain to the First Punic War?

Hannibal was victorious.

What significant step towards democracy in the government of Athens was credited to Solon?

He allowed all male citizens over 18 years of age to participate in the Assembly.

What is known of Alexander's death?

He died of a fever.

Who is credited with medicine's development into a true science?

Hippocrates

Who was the author of The Illiad and The Odyssey?

Homer

_____ wrote the first stories about the Trojan War.

Homer

_________ were a fierce, nomadic tribe from Asia.

Huns

The __________ lived in Asia Minor.

Ionians

Where did the Greek city-states establish colonies? Select all that apply.

Italy Africa Byzantium

Who was a successful Roman military commander who played an important role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire?

Julius Caesar

_________ was killed by a group of senators.

Julius Caesar

Who wrote the History of Rome?

Livy

Who proclaimed that it was foolish and harmful to worship the gods?

Lucretius

The Greeks considered the ______ barbaric.

Macedonians

The members of the Second Triumvirate were ________, _______, and _______.

Mark Anthony Octavian Lepidus

The first known Aegean civilization was ___________.

Minoan

Name the first known civilization of Greece.

Minoan Civilization

The __________ were the first known people in Greece to make olive oil.

Minoans

Why were the Draco's laws considered "Bloody Laws?"

Minor violent crimes were punishable by death.

The Pre-Socratic philosophers were called "Investigators of ______________."

Nature

The three main bodies of law that that grew out of the Law of Twelve Tables were the Law of _________, the Law of _______, and the Law of ______.

Nature Citizens Nations

Who deposed Emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the first King of Italy around AD 476?

Odoacer

___________ means "father of the family."

Pater familias

_________________ consisted of wealthy landowners and descendents of Rome's aristocracy.

Patricians

_____________ means Roman Peace.

Pax Romana

In 431 BC, Sparta declared war on Athens because it feared that the Athenians would try to take control of the ___________ states.

Peloponnesian

The reign of _________ is considered the greatest period of Greek history for the arts, science, and politics.

Pericles

Who was the father of Alexander the Great?

Philip II

_____________ is the title given to the Roman emperor which means "First Citizen of the Roman Republic."

Princeps

Who tried to explain the physical universe in terms of numbers?

Pythagoras

Increased financial needs, increased taxes, devaluation of currency, inflation, and wasteful spending by emperors were all factors in the collapse of the western part of the _____________.

Roman Empire

476 is given as the date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire because ______________.

Rome was captured by the Ostrogoths lead by Odoacer in that year

The _________ Wars helped to improve the treatment of slaves.

Servile

________ was an important part of the economy of Athens.

Slavery

Who was the Greek philosopher and author of the Socratic Method of Inquiry?

Socrates

Who was the Greek aristocrat who granted political power to all classes of people for the first time in Greek history?

Solon

After the defeat of the Athenian Empire, ________ took control of the Aegean, but was eventually defeated by Thebes.

Sparta

The Delian League was a military alliance formed by Athens that _______ did not join.

Sparta

Girls born to _________ citizens were put through military training similar to that of the boys.

Spartan

The ________ government consisted of two kings and three groups of elected citizens.

Spartan

Which military leader was the first to be named dictator of Rome?

Sulla

The Minoans used ___________ to build the pipes for their water system.

Terra Cotta

Who is considered the "father of science?"

Thales of Miletus

Virgil was asked to write __________ to glorify Rome.

The Aeneid

Soon after which event was Octavian given the title Caesar Augustus?

The death of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra.

Which aspect of early Roman religion helped to establish family households as the basic unit of Roman society?

The worship of ancestors.

In his book, _____________ claimed that his account of the Peloponnesian War was factual because it relied on the accounts of eye witnesses.

Thucydides

Rome is located in the _________ River valley.

Tiber

_____________ was the rule of three men.

Triumvirate

Which war did Homer feature in The Illiad and The Odyssey?

Trojan War

According to the map, which layer of archeological remains does the Temple of Athena belong to?

Troy VIII-IX

In what way does Troy resemble the cities of the Mycenaeans?

Were surrounded by large city walls. Built many tombs to bury the nobles.

Which Persian king conquered and destroyed Athens?

Xerxes

Who was the Hellenistic philosopher and founder of the Stoic school of philosophy?

Zeno of Citium

What was the phalanx?

a military formation

The Battle of Thermoplylae was ________________________.

an effort to keep the Persian troops from advancing towards Athens

After the Western Roman Empire collapsed, how much longer did the Eastern Roman Empire endure?

another 1,000 years

Roman ______, ________, ______, and _______ were built using concrete.

aqueducts domes roads buildings

A chain of islands is called a(n) ____________________.

archipelago

The _____________ fulfilled the duty of chief judge in Athenian government.

archon eponymous

The Roman Republic was led by two ________ in order to balance power and prevent political abuse and corruption.

consuls

The _________ and __________ of the Greeks communicated truths along with the importance of honor and good behavior.

poetry; drama

The period following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization is known as the _____________.

dark ages

A government by the people is called a(n) _________.

democracy

A(n) ___________ was a ruler in ancient Rome who was appointed by the Senate to reorder the government.

dictator

A(n) ____________ was a chief priest of Sparta.

ephor

A long poem that retells the story of a mythical hero is called a _______ poem.

epic

During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire __________________.

experienced a time of internal peace and prosperity

According to the Greek religion, great honor and virtue were rewarded with _______, which granted a person a measure of immortality.

fame

For a piece of art to be considered beautiful to the Greeks, it had to display _________________.

harmony, proportion, and symmetry

Aristotle studied many aspects of the physical universe because _________________.

he believed that physical objects were significant to understanding true reality

In Plato's republic, auxiliaries were to serve as _________.

police officers and soldiers

The Visigoths' defeat of the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 was significant because _________________.

it indicated to all the Germanic tribes that the Roman Empire was weak

A(n) ________ is a large estate of Italy.

latifundia

Why was the period between 1150 BC - 800 BC called the "dark ages" of Greece?

no records exist

Name the form of government in which an elite group of people rule.

oligarchy

Monarchy is a Greek term meaning "rule by _____."

one

The ancient Greeks consulted ______________ for guidance in their lives.

oracles

Only ____________ could serve as members of the Senate.

patricians

Which social class struggled with plebeians for control of the Roman Empire?

patricians

The rulers of the Minoans were ________.

priest-kings

A form of democracy in which the people elect representatives to make decisions for them is called a(n) __________.

republic

The ancient Greeks offered _________ to the gods to receive favor from them.

sacrifices

In ancient Athens, polemarch was a military official elected by _______.

the aristocracy

Who did the Greek leaders consult before they went to war or established a colony?

the gods

The spread of Hellenistic culture was aided by _________________.

the wide-spread use of the Greek language and conquests of Alexander the Great

Alexander's troops did not advance beyond the Indus River because ____________________.

they were fearful of fighting the Indian kings

All of Greek life was built around __________.

trade

The power and the influence of the Greek city-states was increased around the Aegean by ____________________.

trade and colonization

In Athens, unlike Sparta, girls born to citizens were ______________________.

treated as property

As protectors of the plebeians, _____________ were allowed to "veto" patrician proposed laws that were not fair to the plebeians.

tribunes

Primarily, Roman art displayed the love Romans had for _____________.

war

Following a battle against the Persians, an Athenian messenger ran 25 miles to Athens to tell the people, "Nenikékamen!" which means "________."

we were victorious

Spartan women __________________________.

were expected to be a second line of defense, if needed


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