World History Unit 2 Answers PHS
__________ were an eastern Germanic tribe that revolted against the Roman army.
Ostrogoth
Who retold Greek and Roman legends and myths about the history of the world in Metamorphoses?
Ovid
Who was a Greek historian that wrote The Histories, a record of the Greco-Persian wars?
Herodotus
Who was the Greek historian and author of The Histories, a record of the Greco-Persian wars?
Herodotus
Sparta's capture of __________ led to Athens' surrender in the __________ War.
Hellenspont; Peloponnesian
_________ refers to taking a position of authority.
Inaugurating
A direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the people participate in government ____________.
without representatives
During the time of the Roman Empire, _______ were educated and allowed to own property, but they could not vote.
women
The rulers of the _________ were warrior-kings.
Mycenaeans
Who was the Greek philosopher who was a pupil of Socrates and author of The Republic?
Plato
_________ believed that physical objects were imperfect reflections of their perfect "Forms."
Plato
_________________ were middle and lower class members of Roman society.
Plebeians
After the Punic Wars, which country made an alliance with Rome, which was now master of the Mediterranean?
Egypt
________ was the chief priest of Rome.
Pontifex Maximus
_____________ means to make courageous.
Emboldened
Choose the letter that corresponds to Crete.
B
The period between ___________ was called the "dark age" of Greece.
1150 BC-800 BC
King Xerxes invaded Greece by land and by sea with __________ troops.
150,000
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Mediterranean Sea.
A
The growth of Greek civilization was helped by the __________ Sea.
Aegean
Who was the great military leader who remained undefeated in battle?
Alexander the Great
________________ took the throne of Macedon after his father was assassinated.
Alexander the Great
The _______________ Period reflected the mixture of Greek culture with cultures of the East.
Hellenistic
______________ were constructed for the purpose of supplying water to large cities.
Aqueducts
Who was the engineer and physicist that developed and improved devices for military defense, irrigation, and lifting heavy objects?
Archimedes
The first known astronomer to assert that the Earth revolved around the sun was _______________.
Aristarchus
Who was a mathematician and astronomer?
Aristarchus of Samos
The teachings of ______________ helped Alexander to maintain control of the Greek city-states and their resources.
Aristotle
Who was the Greek philosopher who studied a wide variety of fields such as anatomy, biology, geology, physics, mathematics, drama, poetry, and politics?
Aristotle
Who was the Greek philosopher who taught Alexander the Great?
Aristotle
The stone cylinder of __________ is considered the first charter of human rights.
Cyrus the Great
The ___________________ government was ruled by a council of three archons: archon eponymous, polemarch, and archon basileus.
Athenian
The modern day marathon is based on the remarkable efforts of a(n) _______ messenger.
Athenian
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Aegean Sea.
C
Who is considered the first emperor of Rome?
Caesar Augustus
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Anatolian Peninsula.
D
Who was the ruler of the Persian Empire that was defeated by Alexander the Great?
Darius III
_________________ was responsible for the election of the Roman consuls.
Centuriate Assembly
Who was Rome's greatest orator, politician, philosopher, and prose writer?
Cicero
Who organized society into ten tribes preparing Athenians to accept a democratic form of government in 501 BC?
Cleisthenes
Who was the emperor that moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium?
Constantine
__________ were imported to Rome.
Diamonds
The two main styles of Greek architecture were ______ and _______.
Doric; Ionic
Choose the letter that corresponds to Asia Minor.
E
Identify the correct letter for Athens on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Crete on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Asia Minor on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Greece mainland on the map above. Identify the correct letter for the Mediterranean Sea on the map above. Identify the correct letter for Sparta on the map above.
E F D C B G
Who was the Hellenistic philosopher who taught that all that is good is pleasurable and all that is bad is painful?
Epicurus
Who was the inventor of the geographical system of longitude and latitude?
Eratosthenes
The ________ introduced the Romans to Greek culture.
Etruscans
__________________ is considered the "Father of Geometry" for writing the textbook The Elements of Geometry.
Euclid
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Archipelago.
F
Identify the correct letter for Sicily. Identify the correct letter for the Italian Peninsula. Identify the correct letter for Spain. Identify the correct letter for Carthage. Identify the correct letter for Rome. Identify the correct letter for Africa. Identify the correct letter for Corsica. Identify the correct letter for the Tiber River. Identify the correct letter for Macedonia.
F H C G E D A I B
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Archipelago. Choose the letter that corresponds to the Aegean Sea.
F C
Choose the letter that corresponds to Hellespont (Dardanelles).
G
The Romans worshiped many of the same gods as the __________.
Greeks
Choose the letter that corresponds to the Balkan Peninsula.
H
Which foreign general tried to attack Rome by marching over the Alps in the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
Which of the following did not pertain to the First Punic War?
Hannibal was victorious.
What significant step towards democracy in the government of Athens was credited to Solon?
He allowed all male citizens over 18 years of age to participate in the Assembly.
What is known of Alexander's death?
He died of a fever.
Who is credited with medicine's development into a true science?
Hippocrates
Who was the author of The Illiad and The Odyssey?
Homer
_____ wrote the first stories about the Trojan War.
Homer
_________ were a fierce, nomadic tribe from Asia.
Huns
The __________ lived in Asia Minor.
Ionians
Where did the Greek city-states establish colonies? Select all that apply.
Italy Africa Byzantium
Who was a successful Roman military commander who played an important role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire?
Julius Caesar
_________ was killed by a group of senators.
Julius Caesar
Who wrote the History of Rome?
Livy
Who proclaimed that it was foolish and harmful to worship the gods?
Lucretius
The Greeks considered the ______ barbaric.
Macedonians
The members of the Second Triumvirate were ________, _______, and _______.
Mark Anthony Octavian Lepidus
The first known Aegean civilization was ___________.
Minoan
Name the first known civilization of Greece.
Minoan Civilization
The __________ were the first known people in Greece to make olive oil.
Minoans
Why were the Draco's laws considered "Bloody Laws?"
Minor violent crimes were punishable by death.
The Pre-Socratic philosophers were called "Investigators of ______________."
Nature
The three main bodies of law that that grew out of the Law of Twelve Tables were the Law of _________, the Law of _______, and the Law of ______.
Nature Citizens Nations
Who deposed Emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the first King of Italy around AD 476?
Odoacer
___________ means "father of the family."
Pater familias
_________________ consisted of wealthy landowners and descendents of Rome's aristocracy.
Patricians
_____________ means Roman Peace.
Pax Romana
In 431 BC, Sparta declared war on Athens because it feared that the Athenians would try to take control of the ___________ states.
Peloponnesian
The reign of _________ is considered the greatest period of Greek history for the arts, science, and politics.
Pericles
Who was the father of Alexander the Great?
Philip II
_____________ is the title given to the Roman emperor which means "First Citizen of the Roman Republic."
Princeps
Who tried to explain the physical universe in terms of numbers?
Pythagoras
Increased financial needs, increased taxes, devaluation of currency, inflation, and wasteful spending by emperors were all factors in the collapse of the western part of the _____________.
Roman Empire
476 is given as the date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire because ______________.
Rome was captured by the Ostrogoths lead by Odoacer in that year
The _________ Wars helped to improve the treatment of slaves.
Servile
________ was an important part of the economy of Athens.
Slavery
Who was the Greek philosopher and author of the Socratic Method of Inquiry?
Socrates
Who was the Greek aristocrat who granted political power to all classes of people for the first time in Greek history?
Solon
After the defeat of the Athenian Empire, ________ took control of the Aegean, but was eventually defeated by Thebes.
Sparta
The Delian League was a military alliance formed by Athens that _______ did not join.
Sparta
Girls born to _________ citizens were put through military training similar to that of the boys.
Spartan
The ________ government consisted of two kings and three groups of elected citizens.
Spartan
Which military leader was the first to be named dictator of Rome?
Sulla
The Minoans used ___________ to build the pipes for their water system.
Terra Cotta
Who is considered the "father of science?"
Thales of Miletus
Virgil was asked to write __________ to glorify Rome.
The Aeneid
Soon after which event was Octavian given the title Caesar Augustus?
The death of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra.
Which aspect of early Roman religion helped to establish family households as the basic unit of Roman society?
The worship of ancestors.
In his book, _____________ claimed that his account of the Peloponnesian War was factual because it relied on the accounts of eye witnesses.
Thucydides
Rome is located in the _________ River valley.
Tiber
_____________ was the rule of three men.
Triumvirate
Which war did Homer feature in The Illiad and The Odyssey?
Trojan War
According to the map, which layer of archeological remains does the Temple of Athena belong to?
Troy VIII-IX
In what way does Troy resemble the cities of the Mycenaeans?
Were surrounded by large city walls. Built many tombs to bury the nobles.
Which Persian king conquered and destroyed Athens?
Xerxes
Who was the Hellenistic philosopher and founder of the Stoic school of philosophy?
Zeno of Citium
What was the phalanx?
a military formation
The Battle of Thermoplylae was ________________________.
an effort to keep the Persian troops from advancing towards Athens
After the Western Roman Empire collapsed, how much longer did the Eastern Roman Empire endure?
another 1,000 years
Roman ______, ________, ______, and _______ were built using concrete.
aqueducts domes roads buildings
A chain of islands is called a(n) ____________________.
archipelago
The _____________ fulfilled the duty of chief judge in Athenian government.
archon eponymous
The Roman Republic was led by two ________ in order to balance power and prevent political abuse and corruption.
consuls
The _________ and __________ of the Greeks communicated truths along with the importance of honor and good behavior.
poetry; drama
The period following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization is known as the _____________.
dark ages
A government by the people is called a(n) _________.
democracy
A(n) ___________ was a ruler in ancient Rome who was appointed by the Senate to reorder the government.
dictator
A(n) ____________ was a chief priest of Sparta.
ephor
A long poem that retells the story of a mythical hero is called a _______ poem.
epic
During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire __________________.
experienced a time of internal peace and prosperity
According to the Greek religion, great honor and virtue were rewarded with _______, which granted a person a measure of immortality.
fame
For a piece of art to be considered beautiful to the Greeks, it had to display _________________.
harmony, proportion, and symmetry
Aristotle studied many aspects of the physical universe because _________________.
he believed that physical objects were significant to understanding true reality
In Plato's republic, auxiliaries were to serve as _________.
police officers and soldiers
The Visigoths' defeat of the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 was significant because _________________.
it indicated to all the Germanic tribes that the Roman Empire was weak
A(n) ________ is a large estate of Italy.
latifundia
Why was the period between 1150 BC - 800 BC called the "dark ages" of Greece?
no records exist
Name the form of government in which an elite group of people rule.
oligarchy
Monarchy is a Greek term meaning "rule by _____."
one
The ancient Greeks consulted ______________ for guidance in their lives.
oracles
Only ____________ could serve as members of the Senate.
patricians
Which social class struggled with plebeians for control of the Roman Empire?
patricians
The rulers of the Minoans were ________.
priest-kings
A form of democracy in which the people elect representatives to make decisions for them is called a(n) __________.
republic
The ancient Greeks offered _________ to the gods to receive favor from them.
sacrifices
In ancient Athens, polemarch was a military official elected by _______.
the aristocracy
Who did the Greek leaders consult before they went to war or established a colony?
the gods
The spread of Hellenistic culture was aided by _________________.
the wide-spread use of the Greek language and conquests of Alexander the Great
Alexander's troops did not advance beyond the Indus River because ____________________.
they were fearful of fighting the Indian kings
All of Greek life was built around __________.
trade
The power and the influence of the Greek city-states was increased around the Aegean by ____________________.
trade and colonization
In Athens, unlike Sparta, girls born to citizens were ______________________.
treated as property
As protectors of the plebeians, _____________ were allowed to "veto" patrician proposed laws that were not fair to the plebeians.
tribunes
Primarily, Roman art displayed the love Romans had for _____________.
war
Following a battle against the Persians, an Athenian messenger ran 25 miles to Athens to tell the people, "Nenikékamen!" which means "________."
we were victorious
Spartan women __________________________.
were expected to be a second line of defense, if needed
