World Ocean Exam 1

Examine the five words/phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 1) freezing point 2) boiling point 3) buffering capacity 4) surface tension 5) heat

3) buffering capacity

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities? 1) high salinity 2) low heat capacity 3) high heat capacity 4) low viscosity 5) high viscosity

3) high heat capacity

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to: 1) high capillary action 2) high viscosity 3) high surface tension

3) high surface tension

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of: 1) electron sharing 2) electron transfer 3) polarity of water molecules

3) polarity of water molecules

Vine and Mathhews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at mid-ocean ridges by examining: 1) The location of ancient coral reefs 2) apparent polar wandering 3) the magnetic pattern in rocks of the seafloor 4) fossils in marine sediments 5) glacial debris at various locations

3) the magnetic pattern in rocks of the seafloor

The average salinity of sea water is: 1) 2.0% 2) 25% 3) 0.35% 4) 3.5% 5) 10%

4) 3.5%

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:

!) higher than other liquids

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Earth's geographic and magnetic poles? 1) The magnetic pole drifts, but stays near the geographic pole. 2) The geographic pole drifts, but stays near the magnetic pole. 3) The location of the magnetic pole is unrelated to the location of the geographic pole. 4) The geographic pole and the magnetic pole are always the same. 5)The geographic poles have reversed themselves periodically through geologic time.

1) The magnetic pole drifts, but stays near the geographic pole.

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as: 1) parallel to and symmetrically arranged along either side of the mid-ocean ridges. 2) not related to the location of oceanic ridges 3) perpendicular to, but not symmetric about ocean ridges 4) parallel to, but not symmetric about ocean ridges 5) perpendicular to and symmetric about ocean ridges

1) parallel to and symmetrically arranged along either side of the mid-ocean ridges.

A rapid change in ocean density will change in depth is the: 1) pycnocline 2) halocline 3) isocline 4) thermocline 5) barocline

1) pycnocline

Which of the following is a characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries 1) volcanic island arcs 2) mid-ocean ridges 3) fracture zones 4) andesitic volcanoes 5) hot spots

1) volcanic island arcs

Alfred Wegener's idea of Continental Drift eventually fell out of favor for what reason? 1) Paleomagnetic evidence confirmed that continents were stationary for very long periods of time 2) A reasonable physical mechanism describing how continental rock could move through less dense oceanic rock could not be proposed. 3) The age of the ocean crust did not increase with distance from the mid-ocean ridge 4) The locations of tropical ocean reefs did not change over time. 5) The shape of the continental margins did not fit together everywhere.

2) A reasonable physical mechanism describing how continental rock could move through less dense oceanic rock could not be proposed.

Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 1) Canary Islands 2) Aleutian Islands 3) Iceland 4) Hawaiian Islands 5) Galapagos Islands

2) Aleutian Islands

Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true? 1) pH will change in areas of rapid plant or algal growth 2) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic 3) a pH pf 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline 4) Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution 5) pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution

2) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic

Choose one option that does not fit the pattern: 1) Pangea 2) Panamerica 3) Gondwanaland 4) Tethys Sea 5) Panthalassa

2) Panamerica

Which of the following statements is true of the lithosphere? 1) The lithosphere is composed of outer mantle material 2) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the topmost portion of the outer mantle. 3) The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core. 4) The lithosphere is composed of igneous rock 5) The lithosphere is composed of metamorphic rock

2) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the topmost portion of the outer mantle.

All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except: 1) river runoff 2) evaporation 3) precipitation 4)

2) evaporation

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water: 1) requires heat to condense 2) is a polar molecule 3) is a universal solvent 4) exists in three phases at the earth's surface 5) contains covalent bonds

2) is a polar molecule

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that: 1) ocean salinity varies as a function of season. 2) the relative concentration of major seawater ions does not change 3) the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location

2) the relative concentration of major seawater ions does not change

The ion in sea water that serves as a pH buffer is : 1) CO2 2) Ca+2 3) HCO3 4) Cl- 5) NA+

3) HCO3

Choose one option that does not fit the pattern 1) Japan 2) Mariana Trench 3) Hawaiian Islands 4) Aleutian Islands 5) Andes Mountains

3) Hawaiian Islands

Confirmation of seafloor spreading was supported by the: 1) magnetic reversals found in continental rocks 2) sediment analysis from different areas of the seafloor 3) age of seafloor 4) match of rocks from distant continents 5) apparent polar wandering

3) age of seafloor

The Mid-Oceanic Ridge is an example of what type of plate boundary? 1) A convergent plate boundary between two continents 2) A convergent plate boundary between continental and oceanic plates. 3) A convergent plate boundary between two oceanic plates 4) A divergent plate boundary 5) A transform fault boundary

4) A divergent plate boundary

What ion is present in the highest concentration in seawater? 1) Sodium, NA+ 2) Oxygen, O2 3) Sodium Chloride, NaCl 4) Chloride, Cl- 5) Bicarbonate, HCO3

4) Chloride, Cl-

If you were to swim in each of these bodies of water, which one will allow you to become the most buoyant and float the highest? 1) Miami, Florida beach 2) Atlantic costal ocean 3) Susquehanna River 4) The Dead Sea 5) Lake superior

4) The Dead Sea

Surface salinity of the ocean will increase under what conditions? 1) When nearby glacial ice melts and flows into the sea 2) When nearby sea ice melts and flows into the sea 3) When only freshwater is added by rain, but none is lost by evaporation 4) When more freshwater is lost by evaporation than is added by rainfall

4) When more freshwater is lost by evaporation than is added by rainfall

Which of the following is a characteristic pf oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries: 1) mid-oceanic ridges 2) fracture zones 3) hot spots 4) andesitic volcanoes 5) volcanic

4) andesitic volcanoes

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the: 1) surface tension of water 2) transfer of electrons between atoms 3) polarity of water molecules 4) sharing of electrons between atoms 5) viscosity of water

4) sharing of electrons between atoms

The amount of energy that us necessary to raise the temperature of one grain of water by one degree C is called a: 1) latent heat of condensation 2) latent heat of evaporation 3) thermal capacity 4) boiling point elevation 5) calorie

5) calorie

The largest reservoir of free water on earth is 1) the rivers 2) groundwater 3) the lakes 4) the glaciers and sea ice 5) the ocean

5) the ocean

A water layer that shows the largest change in ocean temperature as you descend into the ocean's depths is termed the: 1) isocline 2) halocline 3) barocline 4) pycnocline 5)thermocline

5)thermocline

Why are earthquakes found most often at the edges of plates? a) The build up and release of tectonic stresses are focused on plate edges b) Volcanic activity occurs at plate edges c) That is always where plates separate d) Earthquakes drive the plate motion e) Convection causes mantle upwelling and down-welling at plate edges

a) The build up and release of tectonic stresses are focused on plate edges

Oceanic crust is composed of _ and continental crust is composed of _. a) magma/lava b) granite/basalt c) basalt/granite d) quartz/hematite e) clay/sand

c) basalt/granite

Choose the most accurate definition of density: a) The ratio of the volume the substance occupies to its mass b) The width of a substance divided by the volume it occupies c) The ratio of the specific gravity of a substance to its mass d) The weight of a substance e) The mass of a substance divided by the volume it occupies

e) The mass of a substance divided by the volume it occupies

Which one of the following was evidence used by Wegener to support his idea of continental drift? a) thickness of ocean crust b) paleomagnetic stripe pattern c) age of the ocean's crust d) heat flow from the ocean crust e) similar rock types on mountains that are separated by an ocean

e) similar rock types on mountains that are separated by an ocean

Deep ocean trenches are associated with a) submarine canyons b) tablemounts c)seamounts d) rift valley e) subduction zones

e) subduction zones

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

hydrologic cycle