World Oceans Final (pt. 2)

Fresh water has its maximum density at what temp?

0 degrees Celcius

Surface coral formations growing around completely submerged seamounts are called...

Atolls

The _______ wavelengths of light penetrate the deepest into the ocean.

Blue

Heat is measured in what?

Calories

Which gas has the highest concentration throughout the entire ocean?

Carbon Dioxide

Ozone destruction appears to be related to increasing levels of _________ in the atmosphere.

Chlorine

Which of the following is least likely to be a major component of marine sediments?

Cosmogenous materials

The polarity of water molecules is responsible for all the following, EXCEPT...

Covalent Bonding

Sources of the oceans' salts are believed to include

Earth's crust, Earth's early atmosphere, and Volcanic Eruptions.

True or False? Calcareous sediments are well-preserved in cold, deep water below the CCD.

False

True or False? La Niña indicates warmer than normal surface temperatures in the equatorial specific.

False

True or False? Nutrients and dissolved gases in seawater are considered conservative substances.

False

True or False? Oil and Gas represent 50% of the mineral value presently taken from the seafloor.

False

True or False? When water is evaporated from a surface exposed to air, the surface is warmed; when condensation of evaporated water occurs, the air is cooled.

False

Earth's surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of _________ to a region of __________.

High pressure; Low pressure

The low pressure area near the equator is known as the...

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

Iron

A Secchi disk is used to measure the attenuation of...

Light

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is...

Nitrogen

The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the...

Rotation of the earth around its axis

Which processes cause surface seawater to increase in density?

Sea ice formation and surface water evaporation

Changes in water density in the oceans create...

Sound shadows. The Sofar channel. Light refraction.

Which of the following is NOT true about passive continental margins?

They are commonly at subduction zones

True or False? A low pressure system develops over India during the wet phase of the south Asian monsoon.

True

True or False? Carbon Dioxide concentrations in seawater increase with Depth.

True

True or False? In general, sedimentation rates decrease the further offshore.

True

True or False? Pressure increases by about 1 atm for every 10m of depth in the ocean.

True

True or False? The process of reverse osmosis uses pressure to separate fresh water from salt water through a semipermeable membrane.

True

Which phases change reaction requires the most energy?

Vaporization

Heat energy gained at low latitudes is redistributed to higher latitudes by...

atmospheric circulation and ocean currents. Low pressure systems. ocean currents. atmospheric circulation.

The dissolving ability of water is related to

attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms.

The pH of seawater is regulated by...

carbon dioxide

Salinity may be measured by checking the water's...

conductivity

The particle size of terrigenous sediments generally __________ with distance from shore.

decreases

Lithogenous sediment is...

derived from rock

The silica rich oozes of the Pacific Ocean are due to _______ at high latitudes and _______ at low latitudes.

diatoms; radiolarians

Water heated from below distributes the added heat by _____, whereas the still surface of water heated from above distributes the added heat by ______

diffusion; convection

Electrodialysis produces ________ from low-salinity seawater.

fresh water

Hurricanes derive their energy from ______ pressure zones in the ______ latitudes.

low; tropical

Gas hydrates are rich in what chemical?

methane

Carbon dioxide is added to seawater by...

respiration, decomposition, and transfer from the atmosphere

The continental rise is a product of...

sedimentation

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a ________ residence time in the ocean and will _________ become part of the seafloor sediments.

short; quickly

Air becomes less dense and rises when

the air warms. the water vapor content increases. atmospheric pressure decreases.

Sources of oxygen in the open sea include

the atmosphere and photosynthesis