wrist
true PA evidence by:
equal concavity shapes exist among the proximal metecarpals near-equal distances exist among the proximal metecarpals seperation of the distal radius and ulna is present except for minimal superimpostion at the distal radioulnar joint
optimal density (brightness) and contrast evidence by
no motion should visualize soft tissue such as pertinent fat pads sharp, bony margins of carpals and clear trabecular markins
PA oblique anatomy demonstrate
Trapezium and distal scaphoid are well visualized,without superimposition
wrist has two important fat stripes
scaphoid fat stripe pronator fat stripe
true 45 oblique of the wrist is evidence by
ulnar head partially superimposed by distal radius proximal third through fifth metecarpals(metecarpal bases) should appear mostly superimposed
wrist AP evaluation criteria --------joint space open
ulnar styloid is in profile medially radial styloid is in profile laterally Radioulnarjoint space open carpal bones are at the center of the exposure field.
hamate which is easily distinquished by hook like process called----
which is easily distinquished by hook like process called humulus
lateromedial PA Wrist projection positions
place wrist and hand on IR in thump-up lateral position If needed use a radiolusent support block place block against extended hand and fingers
trapezoid -------shaped
the smallest bone in the distal row
True lateral position evidence by
the ulnar head should superimpossed over distal radius proxilmal second through fifth metecarpals all should appear aligned and superimposed ulnar styloid process demonstrated in profile posteriorly
wrist PA position
Patient seated end of the radiographic table Forearm resting on the tabletop Shoulder, elbow, and wrist are the same plane Wrist placed to the center of the IR Long axis of the hand wrist and and forearm is aligned with IR The patient should flex the fingers to arch at the metacarpophalangeal joint CR is perpendicular to the midcarpal area Place the anatomical marker place Shield to patient
PA oblique position
Rotate wrist and hand lateral 45 degree CR ,perpindicular to IR,directed midcarpal area
the trapezium located
distal to the scapoid and proximal to thefirst metacarpal
capitate
it is identified by it is large rounded head that fits proximally into concavity formed by the scapoid and lunate
The lunate -------shaped articulates with------- It is distinguished by ------
moon-shaped articulates with the radius It is distinguished by the deep concavity on it distal surface, where it articulates with the capitate of distal row carpals
The pisiform -------shaped it is located -----
pea-shaped it is located anterior to the triquetrum
the triquetrum -------shaped anterior articulation with-----
pyramidal-shaped anterior articulation with pisiform
scapoid bone ---------shaped sometimes called articulates with radius Its location and articulation important because
sometimes called navicular,boat-shaped bone the largest bone in the proximal row articulates with radius proximally Its location and articulation important because it is most frequently fractured carpal bones