wrist

true PA evidence by:

equal concavity shapes exist among the proximal metecarpals near-equal distances exist among the proximal metecarpals seperation of the distal radius and ulna is present except for minimal superimpostion at the distal radioulnar joint

optimal density (brightness) and contrast evidence by

no motion should visualize soft tissue such as pertinent fat pads sharp, bony margins of carpals and clear trabecular markins

PA oblique anatomy demonstrate

Trapezium and distal scaphoid are well visualized,without superimposition

wrist has two important fat stripes

scaphoid fat stripe pronator fat stripe

true 45 oblique of the wrist is evidence by

ulnar head partially superimposed by distal radius proximal third through fifth metecarpals(metecarpal bases) should appear mostly superimposed

wrist AP evaluation criteria --------joint space open

ulnar styloid is in profile medially radial styloid is in profile laterally Radioulnarjoint space open carpal bones are at the center of the exposure field.

hamate which is easily distinquished by hook like process called----

which is easily distinquished by hook like process called humulus

lateromedial PA Wrist projection positions

place wrist and hand on IR in thump-up lateral position If needed use a radiolusent support block place block against extended hand and fingers

trapezoid -------shaped

the smallest bone in the distal row

True lateral position evidence by

the ulnar head should superimpossed over distal radius proxilmal second through fifth metecarpals all should appear aligned and superimposed ulnar styloid process demonstrated in profile posteriorly

wrist PA position

Patient seated end of the radiographic table Forearm resting on the tabletop Shoulder, elbow, and wrist are the same plane Wrist placed to the center of the IR Long axis of the hand wrist and and forearm is aligned with IR The patient should flex the fingers to arch at the metacarpophalangeal joint CR is perpendicular to the midcarpal area Place the anatomical marker place Shield to patient

PA oblique position

Rotate wrist and hand lateral 45 degree CR ,perpindicular to IR,directed midcarpal area

the trapezium located

distal to the scapoid and proximal to thefirst metacarpal

capitate

it is identified by it is large rounded head that fits proximally into concavity formed by the scapoid and lunate

The lunate -------shaped articulates with------- It is distinguished by ------

moon-shaped articulates with the radius It is distinguished by the deep concavity on it distal surface, where it articulates with the capitate of distal row carpals

The pisiform -------shaped it is located -----

pea-shaped it is located anterior to the triquetrum

the triquetrum -------shaped anterior articulation with-----

pyramidal-shaped anterior articulation with pisiform

scapoid bone ---------shaped sometimes called articulates with radius Its location and articulation important because

sometimes called navicular,boat-shaped bone the largest bone in the proximal row articulates with radius proximally Its location and articulation important because it is most frequently fractured carpal bones