WWI

Freiheit der Meere

Freedom of the Seas

August 3, 1914

Germany declares war on France

August 1, 1914

Germany declares war on Russia

agreements made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed

alliances

Triple Entente

allied powers -France -Russia -Great Britain -USA** (1917)

which alliance had the largest navy?

allies

growing divide among European countries led to what?

an arms race between the main countries

why was steel important?

army supplies, boats, guns, etc...

what led to the outbreak of WWI?

assassination of Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand in August 1914

Second Marne objective?

attempt to move troops south in order to conquer north France

why were alliances important?

countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first

what happened because of the agreement between 2 countries to help each other?

countries must take the side of their allies, even in time of war

Second Marne outcome?

first of many victories that ended the war 288,000 dead in 3 weeks

in what way did the Armenian Genocide help Hitler during WWI?

gave him ideas of mass killing, deportation, torture

First Marne outcome?

halted German advance and ruined the Schlieffen Plan

how could colonies help a mother country militarily?

protect it

how could colonists help a mother country economically?

provide $

to be a strong supporter of the right and interests of ones country

spread by the French and Napoleon, Nationalism

why would Great Britain spend all their money on their navy?

they are surrounded by water

President Wilson

14 Points -a lasting & just peace -create new nations

How many lived?

150,000

which country produced the most steel?

Germany (17,024,000)

which country had the largest army?

Germany (8,500,000)

sole responsibility

Germany (war guilt clause 231)

Russia had the only ?

treaty with an expiration date (1890)

Zimmerman Telegram

-brings US into war -possibly fake ~no record ~not double coded ~western union ~DC -> Mexico

immediate effects of WWI

-$330 billion -loss of life, 21 million -worldwide disillusionment (disappointment) -land, town destroyed

Verdun outcome?

-600,000 dead -Germany gained 4 miles

The Somme outcome?

-600,000 dead -the Allies gained 6 miles

A/H will answer that England started the war. Why?

-England declared war -butting in

Russia had a special ethnic tie with Serbia because both countries had Slavic populations. A/H declared war on Serbia in July 1914. How could this lead to widespread war?

-Russia included -> support their people -Germany -> Russia is mobilizing Alliances: everyone is covering everyone's backs

Tannenberg outcome?

-Russian defeat and strategic victory for Central Powers -55,000 dead

why would the telegram not be a fake?

-Zimmerman admitted -US vs Mexico -Germany gives Mexico weapons -Mexico & Japan become allies

alliances

-choosing sides -central powers -allies -cover each others backs

Lusitania

-cruise liner sunk by German U20 -British lured into dangerous waters

France will answer that Germany started the war. Why?

-declared war ~France ~Russia -invaded neutral Belgium -threatening countries -pushing A/H to fight 1st country to physically do something

militarism

-devise battle (Schlieffen plan) -develop weapons (300%) -stems from the Industrial Revolution

Germany will say that Serbia started the war. Why?

-didn't accept all terms of ultimatum -assasination

what convinces us that the Zimmerman telegram was a fake?

-going from DC to Mexico -Western Union -not double coded -no record of telegram in Germany record

Serbia will answer the A/H started the war. Why?

-issued an ultimatum -A/H imperialized Bosnia -cultural conflict 1st country to declare war

how did the Zimmerman telegram change the way Americans thought about entering WWI?

-joined ~Lusitania/telegram ~scared of losing land to Mexico

what are the main causes of WWI?

-militarism -alliances -nationalism -imperialism

Schlieffen Plan

-military attack plan -invade neutral Belgium to attack France -surprise -avoid two-front war

England will answer that Russia started the war. Why?

-mobilized army early on -threats

propaganda

-one sided information -designed to persuade

nationalism

-patriotism -stems from Napoleon -Black Hand forms

imperialism

-take over land -creates competition & rivalry -stemed from Industrial Revolution -A/H take over Boscia

Russia will answer that France started the war. Why?

-threatened Germany -butting in

why could the telegram be a fake?

-wasn't double coded -no record -western union -sent from DC -> Mexico -England got their hands on it

How many Armenians died?

1.5 million died

First Marne when?

1914

In what year did WWI begin?

1914

Tannenberg when?

1914

Second Marne when?

1918

August 6, 1914

A/H declares war on Russia

Bosnian Crisis

A/H took over Bosnia in 1908. This angered Serbians and developed a group named the ¨Black Hand¨ to help liberate the region

June 28, 1914

Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated in Sarajevo

Second Marne who?

British, US & France, vs Germany

August 4, 1914

Belgium is neutral. Germany invades them on its war to France. So Great Britain declares war on Germany

when A/H annexed Bosnia, what happened?

Bosnia's are prohibited from maintaining their cultures identity, such as speaking their own language

by 1900 which empire extended over five continents?

British Empire

The Somme who?

British vs. Germany

Tannenberg where? (front)

Eastern

Verdun where? (front)

Eastern France

England der Blutsauger der Welt

England, the bloodsucker of the world

Verdun when?

Feb-Dec 1916

First Marne who?

France & Britain vs Germany

which armies doubled between 1870 and 1914

France and Germany

First Marne objective?

France and Great Britain to stop German advancement to Paris

July 31, 1914 (pt 3)

France tells Germany to back off of Russia or they will fight

June 29, 1914

Germany pledges to support A/H, pressuring them to declare war. A/H issues an ultimatum to Serbia

July 31, 1914 (pt 2)

Germany threatens war against Russia if it does not back off

Verdun who?

Germany vs France

Tannenberg who?

Germany vs Russia

which country had the largest navy?

Great Britain (249 boats)

The Sussex Pledge

In 1916 Germany torpedoes a French passenger ferry. US becomes angry ad threatens Germany issues ¨Sussex Pledge¨ promising to change their tactics

The Lusitania

In May 1915 the Lusitania was hit by German torpedo without warning. 128 Americans died

The Somme when?

Jun-Nov 1916

Armenian Genocide

Ottoman Turks kill 1.5 million Armenians

July 31, 1914

Russia mobilizes against A/H in support of Serbia

July 25, 1914

Serbia agrees with all requests except to let Austrian officials into Serbia to investigate

great pride in ones country-patriotism led to ?

Serbians are mad at A/H take over & losing culture identity form group ¨Black Hand¨

10 men had to die for 1 square inch of land

The Somme

The Somme where? (front)

Western France

Verdun objective?

a battle of attribution the goal was not territorial gain, but rather to wear-down and bleed the French into surrender

Germany worried about having to fight a war on two fronts. Why?

because they were being split

Trench Warfare

caused stalemate

which alliance had the largest army?

central powers

which alliance produced the most steel?

central powers

Triple Alliance

central powers -Germany -Italy** -Austria-Hungary Empire

because strong countries dominated weak countries this happened

competition among countries creating rivalry A/H take over Bosnia (aka ¨keg-powder¨)

what happened because of the arms race between countries?

countries develop weapons and battle plans

what is an anvil?

heavy steel block with a flat top

when a stronger country takes over new lands (weaker countries) and makes them subject to their rule

imperialism

how did the Ottoman Turks carry out their plan for destroying the Armenian people?

killed them, deportation, death march, starvation

the army and military forces are given a high profile by the government

militarism

why does our government put "politics above morality" and refuse to acknowledge what happened to the Armenians?

money, military (allies), can use their territory, oil

The Somme objective?

relieve pressure off the French and break the stalemate

Tannenberg objective?

relieve pressure on France in the West

what were the Ottoman Turks government's reasons for eliminating the Armenians?

religious/cultural differences, smart, afraid that they will jump on the allies side

League of Nations

resolve international disputes

Carthaginian Peace

salt fields

Italy would switch sides in 1915. Whom did this hurt?

the triple alliance

when an alliance is signed, what happens?

those countries become known as Allies

July 28, 1914

unsatisfied, A/H declares war on Serbia

Italy

wanted land

First Marne where? (front)

western

Second Marne where? (front)

western

was an arms build-up (militarism) an underlying cause of WWI?

yes, as the years go on, the countries purchased/put more money into the military because war was getting worse

ethnic tensions run high and the area son became known as the what?

¨powder-keg¨ of Europe