WWI
Freiheit der Meere
Freedom of the Seas
August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France
August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia
agreements made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed
alliances
Triple Entente
allied powers -France -Russia -Great Britain -USA** (1917)
which alliance had the largest navy?
allies
growing divide among European countries led to what?
an arms race between the main countries
why was steel important?
army supplies, boats, guns, etc...
what led to the outbreak of WWI?
assassination of Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand in August 1914
Second Marne objective?
attempt to move troops south in order to conquer north France
why were alliances important?
countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first
what happened because of the agreement between 2 countries to help each other?
countries must take the side of their allies, even in time of war
Second Marne outcome?
first of many victories that ended the war 288,000 dead in 3 weeks
in what way did the Armenian Genocide help Hitler during WWI?
gave him ideas of mass killing, deportation, torture
First Marne outcome?
halted German advance and ruined the Schlieffen Plan
how could colonies help a mother country militarily?
protect it
how could colonists help a mother country economically?
provide $
to be a strong supporter of the right and interests of ones country
spread by the French and Napoleon, Nationalism
why would Great Britain spend all their money on their navy?
they are surrounded by water
President Wilson
14 Points -a lasting & just peace -create new nations
How many lived?
150,000
which country produced the most steel?
Germany (17,024,000)
which country had the largest army?
Germany (8,500,000)
sole responsibility
Germany (war guilt clause 231)
Russia had the only ?
treaty with an expiration date (1890)
Zimmerman Telegram
-brings US into war -possibly fake ~no record ~not double coded ~western union ~DC -> Mexico
immediate effects of WWI
-$330 billion -loss of life, 21 million -worldwide disillusionment (disappointment) -land, town destroyed
Verdun outcome?
-600,000 dead -Germany gained 4 miles
The Somme outcome?
-600,000 dead -the Allies gained 6 miles
A/H will answer that England started the war. Why?
-England declared war -butting in
Russia had a special ethnic tie with Serbia because both countries had Slavic populations. A/H declared war on Serbia in July 1914. How could this lead to widespread war?
-Russia included -> support their people -Germany -> Russia is mobilizing Alliances: everyone is covering everyone's backs
Tannenberg outcome?
-Russian defeat and strategic victory for Central Powers -55,000 dead
why would the telegram not be a fake?
-Zimmerman admitted -US vs Mexico -Germany gives Mexico weapons -Mexico & Japan become allies
alliances
-choosing sides -central powers -allies -cover each others backs
Lusitania
-cruise liner sunk by German U20 -British lured into dangerous waters
France will answer that Germany started the war. Why?
-declared war ~France ~Russia -invaded neutral Belgium -threatening countries -pushing A/H to fight 1st country to physically do something
militarism
-devise battle (Schlieffen plan) -develop weapons (300%) -stems from the Industrial Revolution
Germany will say that Serbia started the war. Why?
-didn't accept all terms of ultimatum -assasination
what convinces us that the Zimmerman telegram was a fake?
-going from DC to Mexico -Western Union -not double coded -no record of telegram in Germany record
Serbia will answer the A/H started the war. Why?
-issued an ultimatum -A/H imperialized Bosnia -cultural conflict 1st country to declare war
how did the Zimmerman telegram change the way Americans thought about entering WWI?
-joined ~Lusitania/telegram ~scared of losing land to Mexico
what are the main causes of WWI?
-militarism -alliances -nationalism -imperialism
Schlieffen Plan
-military attack plan -invade neutral Belgium to attack France -surprise -avoid two-front war
England will answer that Russia started the war. Why?
-mobilized army early on -threats
propaganda
-one sided information -designed to persuade
nationalism
-patriotism -stems from Napoleon -Black Hand forms
imperialism
-take over land -creates competition & rivalry -stemed from Industrial Revolution -A/H take over Boscia
Russia will answer that France started the war. Why?
-threatened Germany -butting in
why could the telegram be a fake?
-wasn't double coded -no record -western union -sent from DC -> Mexico -England got their hands on it
How many Armenians died?
1.5 million died
First Marne when?
1914
In what year did WWI begin?
1914
Tannenberg when?
1914
Second Marne when?
1918
August 6, 1914
A/H declares war on Russia
Bosnian Crisis
A/H took over Bosnia in 1908. This angered Serbians and developed a group named the ¨Black Hand¨ to help liberate the region
June 28, 1914
Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated in Sarajevo
Second Marne who?
British, US & France, vs Germany
August 4, 1914
Belgium is neutral. Germany invades them on its war to France. So Great Britain declares war on Germany
when A/H annexed Bosnia, what happened?
Bosnia's are prohibited from maintaining their cultures identity, such as speaking their own language
by 1900 which empire extended over five continents?
British Empire
The Somme who?
British vs. Germany
Tannenberg where? (front)
Eastern
Verdun where? (front)
Eastern France
England der Blutsauger der Welt
England, the bloodsucker of the world
Verdun when?
Feb-Dec 1916
First Marne who?
France & Britain vs Germany
which armies doubled between 1870 and 1914
France and Germany
First Marne objective?
France and Great Britain to stop German advancement to Paris
July 31, 1914 (pt 3)
France tells Germany to back off of Russia or they will fight
June 29, 1914
Germany pledges to support A/H, pressuring them to declare war. A/H issues an ultimatum to Serbia
July 31, 1914 (pt 2)
Germany threatens war against Russia if it does not back off
Verdun who?
Germany vs France
Tannenberg who?
Germany vs Russia
which country had the largest navy?
Great Britain (249 boats)
The Sussex Pledge
In 1916 Germany torpedoes a French passenger ferry. US becomes angry ad threatens Germany issues ¨Sussex Pledge¨ promising to change their tactics
The Lusitania
In May 1915 the Lusitania was hit by German torpedo without warning. 128 Americans died
The Somme when?
Jun-Nov 1916
Armenian Genocide
Ottoman Turks kill 1.5 million Armenians
July 31, 1914
Russia mobilizes against A/H in support of Serbia
July 25, 1914
Serbia agrees with all requests except to let Austrian officials into Serbia to investigate
great pride in ones country-patriotism led to ?
Serbians are mad at A/H take over & losing culture identity form group ¨Black Hand¨
10 men had to die for 1 square inch of land
The Somme
The Somme where? (front)
Western France
Verdun objective?
a battle of attribution the goal was not territorial gain, but rather to wear-down and bleed the French into surrender
Germany worried about having to fight a war on two fronts. Why?
because they were being split
Trench Warfare
caused stalemate
which alliance had the largest army?
central powers
which alliance produced the most steel?
central powers
Triple Alliance
central powers -Germany -Italy** -Austria-Hungary Empire
because strong countries dominated weak countries this happened
competition among countries creating rivalry A/H take over Bosnia (aka ¨keg-powder¨)
what happened because of the arms race between countries?
countries develop weapons and battle plans
what is an anvil?
heavy steel block with a flat top
when a stronger country takes over new lands (weaker countries) and makes them subject to their rule
imperialism
how did the Ottoman Turks carry out their plan for destroying the Armenian people?
killed them, deportation, death march, starvation
the army and military forces are given a high profile by the government
militarism
why does our government put "politics above morality" and refuse to acknowledge what happened to the Armenians?
money, military (allies), can use their territory, oil
The Somme objective?
relieve pressure off the French and break the stalemate
Tannenberg objective?
relieve pressure on France in the West
what were the Ottoman Turks government's reasons for eliminating the Armenians?
religious/cultural differences, smart, afraid that they will jump on the allies side
League of Nations
resolve international disputes
Carthaginian Peace
salt fields
Italy would switch sides in 1915. Whom did this hurt?
the triple alliance
when an alliance is signed, what happens?
those countries become known as Allies
July 28, 1914
unsatisfied, A/H declares war on Serbia
Italy
wanted land
First Marne where? (front)
western
Second Marne where? (front)
western
was an arms build-up (militarism) an underlying cause of WWI?
yes, as the years go on, the countries purchased/put more money into the military because war was getting worse
ethnic tensions run high and the area son became known as the what?
¨powder-keg¨ of Europe