ZO209 short questions

list the 5 types of feathers found in birds

1. conter 2. semi plumes 3. down 4. brissles 5. filoplumes

whats the specificity of crocadilian circulatory system compared to other reptiels

4 chambered heart

using exmaples from class mammilia whats meant by convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is when different organisms independently evolve similar traits. For example, sharks and dolphins look relatively similar despite being entirely unrelated.

list five type of fish scale

Ctenoid, Cycloid, placoid , Gonoid and cosmoid

whats the difference between proteroglyphous and a solenoglyphous snake

Solenoglyphous are long hollow articulated fangs that fold into their mouths when closed and the other one is substantial large fang used for injecting venom

A characteristic of mammals is the presence of a diaphragm. What is the diaphragm, and what is its function?

The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale. diaphragm, dome-shaped, muscular and membranous structure that separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities in mammals; it is the principal muscle of respiration.

terrestrial animals in the order cetartiodactyla have paraxonix limbs what's meant by paraxonic

Weight bearing axis that passes it through the 3rd and fourth toes

what type if animal was Dunkleostues terrrelii

a large jawed placoterm

hagfish are members of the subphylum vertebrata but what superclass are they in

agnata

hagfish are vertebrata, whats thier super class and classs

agnata, class myxioni

on the bird skeleton what is the carina and whats its function

allows for more muscle on chest and provides an anchor for which the birds wings muscle attatch

whats name of electroreception organs

ampullae of lorenzini

whats the name of the electroreception organs concentrated on the head of elasmobranchs

ampullae of lorenzini

whats meant by a digitigrade gait

animal that walks or runs on their toes

whats the 3 orders of amphibians

anura , urodele and gymneophobia

marcupials can be polyprotadont or dieprotatdont ,explain what these terms mean

any marsupial of the group Polyprotodontia, characterized by four or more upper incisor teeth on each side of the jaw: includes the opossums. any marsupial of the group or suborder Diprotodontia, including kangaroos, phalangers, and wombats, having fewer than three upper incisor teeth on each side of the jaw

define fish

aqautic vertebrae with appendages , scales and gills

define fish

aquatic vertebrate with gills, and scaly skin

explain the difference between a firmisternal and arciferal girdle

arc= can overlap , firm= fused dosent overlap

explain why the class reptilia is not monophyletic?

because they share same clade as aves, come from same ancestor but share different features

explain how frogs produce sound

buccal pumping causes vocalisation as air flows is created over vocal cords in pharynx during respiration

explain the major difference between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

c are cartilage fish and the other are bony fish

list four defining features of the class chondrichthyes

cartilage skeleton, no swim bladder, placiod scales and independant teeth

the olm is an aqautic salamander, decribe the key feauters

cave dwelling, blind and have transparent skin

explain differences in chondrichthye sand ostiechthyes

chondrichthyes: no operculum, no swim bladder, placoid scales, they have cartiligous skeleton ostiechthyes have bony skeleton

what appendagage used for spermatophore transfer

clasper

what is the appendage that allows male rays to deliver sperm to the female

clasper - elongated fin

what are the four main types of locomotion used by snakes

concertina, side winding , rectillinear and lateral underlation

what is the amnion and whats is its function

contains fluid that emebryo is suspended in to avoid mechanical injury

name the four orders forming the class reptillia

crocodilian, Rhynchocephalian , testudines, squamates

two skull features can be used to distinguish between lagomorphs and rodents, breidfly describe one of them

diastema

The diastema is a characteristic feature of the Rodentia. What is a diastema?

diastema is the space seperating teeth of different functions

which animals have pharyngeal jaws, briefly describe their structue and function

eels and bony fish , used for catching prey

list 3 skeletal adaptations of frogs to saltation

elongated limbs, reduced number of vertebrate and solid sacral region

list 3 skeletal adaptations of saltatory locomotion in adult anuras

elongated limbs, reduced vertebrata and solid sacral regions

how do hagfish feed

feed by intereing animal, use a rasping tounge

descrbie life cycle lamprey

female lay eggs on rock, male fertilisees them moves downstream, metamorphosis into adult

whats difference between frog and toad

frog= slimy, long legs toad= dry skin, short legs

in bird skeleton where the pygostyle and whats its function

fused caudal vertebrate support , used as anchor in flight

describe the morph feature between hagfish and lamprey

hafgish have multiple poorly developemed eye one pair of semi cicular canals no larval stage lampreys have two pairs of eyes two pairs of semi circular canals extended larval stage

describe the morphological difference between hagfish and lamprey

hagfish have multiple poorly develpoed rudimentary eyes, one pair semi circular canals, no larval stage. Lampreys have 2 pairs of well developed eyes, 2 pairs semi circular canals, and larval stage

whats meant be syndactylous and whats cohort is it a important chacertisitc in

having fused finger or webbed toes

list 4 features of class chondrichthyes

independant teeth, placoid scakes, no swim baldder, no operculum , cartiligae skeleton, paired fins + nostrils

what is unusal of the biogeography of the microbiotherian marcupial colo colo , whats the explanation for this anomaly

its the only species in the super order autrallia delphia that are not in australlia

in anura amphibians what is the meaning of the term amplexus

its the position and mode that external fetilisation occurs in throuhg toads and frogs

where would u find ampullaze + role

lateral line and sensory function

what mammals can be decribe as unguiculate with aposable tumbs

lemurs and lorises

Artiodactyla have paraxonic limbs whats meant by paraxonic

main weight bearing axis of leg, passes through the 3rd and 4th toes together

how does mammalian lower jaw differ from jaw of lower reptiles

mammal jaw has only one bone, reptiles consist of several

you are shown a mamal with a sinlge cloacal opening and interclavicle bone and a poison spur on its hind limb what order does it belong to

monotremes

a feature of mammals is the presence of a diaphragm, what it is and what its function

muscular and tendons, functions - increases the amount of gas exchange in a mammal

name the four defining features that all chordates have?

notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits and post anal tail

describe which characteristics mean tunicates are grouped as part of the chordate phylum ?

notocord , nerve chord and endostyle(thyroid gland) , phyrangeal slits + post anal tail

what charecteristics place tunicates within the pylum chordata

notocord present in larva , nerve cord ect

name 4 defining features that chordates share

notocord, nerve cord, post anail tale, gill , endostyle

describe which chacretstics mean tunicate are grouped as part of the chordate phylum

notocord, nerve cord, post anal tail, endostyle gills

how do paired fins of sacroptergyii differ from those of actinopterygii

one is ray finned, the other is lobe finned

whats the difference between physotomous and physoclistous fish

one of them contain a pneumatic duct linking the bladder and oesophagus

the families tachyglossidae and ornithorhyncidae belong to which order of the mammals

order monotramata

name two of the order that are often classed together as the sub ungulates

order proboscidea and order sirenia

how do teleosts reproduce

oviparous, external fertilisation

whats the carnassial teeth in carnivores and whats the function

paired upper and lower teeth paired in such a way to offer pass by each other in a sheering manner

list five types of fish scales

placoid , ctenoid , cycloid and ganoid

what kind of scales do sharks have and explain how these aid swimming through water colum?

placoid scales, reduce drag in water

describe occurs of heterocercal tail

provide thurst and lift when moving

what difference betweenn physostomous and physomous

pystomous have a pneumatic duct that connects the swim bladder to the oesphogous, making if a lunchlike organ in fish

name the 3 species of wild amphibians present in ireland

rana temporaria , epidalea calameta, lissotriton vulgaris

your shown the skull of a mammal , with upper and lower incisors , a diastema and a fenestrated maxilariy bone, what order dose it belong to

rodents and rabits

how dose locomotion differ between true seals and sea lions

seals move forward by caterpillar-like hitching movements; sea lions use their hind legs to walk or even gallop across land.

how have the spine and skull of primates become modified to facilitate a bipedal stance

secondary curves in neck and spine

what is the lateral line

sensory structures in sharks

whats lateral line

seonsory structure in sharks with ampulla of lorenzini

monotremes have a single cloaca opening, whats that

single chamber into which urinogenital ducts and rectum open

whats the alula and what is its function

sits separately from other digits, helps with flight and turbulance

whats meant by anadromous

spawn in fresh water develop in sea

what morphological feature do teleost have which help reduce energy expenditure and enables them to stay at a certain point in water column

swim bladder

what is meant by the term anadromous in fish

swim up rive to spawn, develop in sea

marcuipials can be syndactylous or dydactylous , whats meant be this

syndactylous means having fused finger or webbed toes , dydactylous having the hind toes seperate

which cranial structure is present in diapsids and synapsids but is absent in anapsids

temporal fenestrae

whats the function of the paratoid gland in toads

the secrete toxins , sits in anterior part of head

what cranial structure is prsent in diapsids and synapsids but absent in anapsids

the temporal fenestrae

how do crocodile hearts differ from the heart of the other reptiles

they have a 4 chambered heart

What is specificity of solenoglyphous snakes

they have long hollow articulated fangs that fold into thier mouths when closed

how do teleost fish reproduce

through external fetilisation, egg and sperm release into water

list the defining charecters in the vertebrate body plan

thye have a nerve cord, notocord, post anal tail and gills

what did the major function of the pyloric ceca is ray finned fish

to aid in digestion in food, located behind the stomach

whats the paratoid gland

toxin gland behind head in frog

what is the only extant species within the order Rhynchocephalian, where dose it live

tuatara, islands off new zeland

whats the main difference in reproductive biology between the order urodele and anura

urodele = external fertilisation, cluster eggs and metamorphosis anuran= external fertilisation

name the 3 orders forming the class amphibia

urodele anura gymneophobia

how do hagfish feed

use travelling knot and mucous enzymes to aid feeding

1. where would you find what is the primary role of a rete mirabile in bony fishes

used in counter current exchange

where would u find retarete mirabile and whats its role

used in telelosts and sharks for counter current exchange

whats major function of the pyloric ceca in ray finned fish

used to increase gut area

whats the fundamental difference between poison and venom

venom has to be injected in to bloodstream, poison dosent, it can be inhalded or transferred through touch

Perisodactyla have mesoxonic limbs , whats meant be this

weight goes through the middle digit

what is the only true native irish reptile

zootoca vivipara