ZO209 short questions
list the 5 types of feathers found in birds
1. conter 2. semi plumes 3. down 4. brissles 5. filoplumes
whats the specificity of crocadilian circulatory system compared to other reptiels
4 chambered heart
using exmaples from class mammilia whats meant by convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is when different organisms independently evolve similar traits. For example, sharks and dolphins look relatively similar despite being entirely unrelated.
list five type of fish scale
Ctenoid, Cycloid, placoid , Gonoid and cosmoid
whats the difference between proteroglyphous and a solenoglyphous snake
Solenoglyphous are long hollow articulated fangs that fold into their mouths when closed and the other one is substantial large fang used for injecting venom
A characteristic of mammals is the presence of a diaphragm. What is the diaphragm, and what is its function?
The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale. diaphragm, dome-shaped, muscular and membranous structure that separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities in mammals; it is the principal muscle of respiration.
terrestrial animals in the order cetartiodactyla have paraxonix limbs what's meant by paraxonic
Weight bearing axis that passes it through the 3rd and fourth toes
what type if animal was Dunkleostues terrrelii
a large jawed placoterm
hagfish are members of the subphylum vertebrata but what superclass are they in
agnata
hagfish are vertebrata, whats thier super class and classs
agnata, class myxioni
on the bird skeleton what is the carina and whats its function
allows for more muscle on chest and provides an anchor for which the birds wings muscle attatch
whats name of electroreception organs
ampullae of lorenzini
whats the name of the electroreception organs concentrated on the head of elasmobranchs
ampullae of lorenzini
whats meant by a digitigrade gait
animal that walks or runs on their toes
whats the 3 orders of amphibians
anura , urodele and gymneophobia
marcupials can be polyprotadont or dieprotatdont ,explain what these terms mean
any marsupial of the group Polyprotodontia, characterized by four or more upper incisor teeth on each side of the jaw: includes the opossums. any marsupial of the group or suborder Diprotodontia, including kangaroos, phalangers, and wombats, having fewer than three upper incisor teeth on each side of the jaw
define fish
aqautic vertebrae with appendages , scales and gills
define fish
aquatic vertebrate with gills, and scaly skin
explain the difference between a firmisternal and arciferal girdle
arc= can overlap , firm= fused dosent overlap
explain why the class reptilia is not monophyletic?
because they share same clade as aves, come from same ancestor but share different features
explain how frogs produce sound
buccal pumping causes vocalisation as air flows is created over vocal cords in pharynx during respiration
explain the major difference between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
c are cartilage fish and the other are bony fish
list four defining features of the class chondrichthyes
cartilage skeleton, no swim bladder, placiod scales and independant teeth
the olm is an aqautic salamander, decribe the key feauters
cave dwelling, blind and have transparent skin
explain differences in chondrichthye sand ostiechthyes
chondrichthyes: no operculum, no swim bladder, placoid scales, they have cartiligous skeleton ostiechthyes have bony skeleton
what appendagage used for spermatophore transfer
clasper
what is the appendage that allows male rays to deliver sperm to the female
clasper - elongated fin
what are the four main types of locomotion used by snakes
concertina, side winding , rectillinear and lateral underlation
what is the amnion and whats is its function
contains fluid that emebryo is suspended in to avoid mechanical injury
name the four orders forming the class reptillia
crocodilian, Rhynchocephalian , testudines, squamates
two skull features can be used to distinguish between lagomorphs and rodents, breidfly describe one of them
diastema
The diastema is a characteristic feature of the Rodentia. What is a diastema?
diastema is the space seperating teeth of different functions
which animals have pharyngeal jaws, briefly describe their structue and function
eels and bony fish , used for catching prey
list 3 skeletal adaptations of frogs to saltation
elongated limbs, reduced number of vertebrate and solid sacral region
list 3 skeletal adaptations of saltatory locomotion in adult anuras
elongated limbs, reduced vertebrata and solid sacral regions
how do hagfish feed
feed by intereing animal, use a rasping tounge
descrbie life cycle lamprey
female lay eggs on rock, male fertilisees them moves downstream, metamorphosis into adult
whats difference between frog and toad
frog= slimy, long legs toad= dry skin, short legs
in bird skeleton where the pygostyle and whats its function
fused caudal vertebrate support , used as anchor in flight
describe the morph feature between hagfish and lamprey
hafgish have multiple poorly developemed eye one pair of semi cicular canals no larval stage lampreys have two pairs of eyes two pairs of semi circular canals extended larval stage
describe the morphological difference between hagfish and lamprey
hagfish have multiple poorly develpoed rudimentary eyes, one pair semi circular canals, no larval stage. Lampreys have 2 pairs of well developed eyes, 2 pairs semi circular canals, and larval stage
whats meant be syndactylous and whats cohort is it a important chacertisitc in
having fused finger or webbed toes
list 4 features of class chondrichthyes
independant teeth, placoid scakes, no swim baldder, no operculum , cartiligae skeleton, paired fins + nostrils
what is unusal of the biogeography of the microbiotherian marcupial colo colo , whats the explanation for this anomaly
its the only species in the super order autrallia delphia that are not in australlia
in anura amphibians what is the meaning of the term amplexus
its the position and mode that external fetilisation occurs in throuhg toads and frogs
where would u find ampullaze + role
lateral line and sensory function
what mammals can be decribe as unguiculate with aposable tumbs
lemurs and lorises
Artiodactyla have paraxonic limbs whats meant by paraxonic
main weight bearing axis of leg, passes through the 3rd and 4th toes together
how does mammalian lower jaw differ from jaw of lower reptiles
mammal jaw has only one bone, reptiles consist of several
you are shown a mamal with a sinlge cloacal opening and interclavicle bone and a poison spur on its hind limb what order does it belong to
monotremes
a feature of mammals is the presence of a diaphragm, what it is and what its function
muscular and tendons, functions - increases the amount of gas exchange in a mammal
name the four defining features that all chordates have?
notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits and post anal tail
describe which characteristics mean tunicates are grouped as part of the chordate phylum ?
notocord , nerve chord and endostyle(thyroid gland) , phyrangeal slits + post anal tail
what charecteristics place tunicates within the pylum chordata
notocord present in larva , nerve cord ect
name 4 defining features that chordates share
notocord, nerve cord, post anail tale, gill , endostyle
describe which chacretstics mean tunicate are grouped as part of the chordate phylum
notocord, nerve cord, post anal tail, endostyle gills
how do paired fins of sacroptergyii differ from those of actinopterygii
one is ray finned, the other is lobe finned
whats the difference between physotomous and physoclistous fish
one of them contain a pneumatic duct linking the bladder and oesophagus
the families tachyglossidae and ornithorhyncidae belong to which order of the mammals
order monotramata
name two of the order that are often classed together as the sub ungulates
order proboscidea and order sirenia
how do teleosts reproduce
oviparous, external fertilisation
whats the carnassial teeth in carnivores and whats the function
paired upper and lower teeth paired in such a way to offer pass by each other in a sheering manner
list five types of fish scales
placoid , ctenoid , cycloid and ganoid
what kind of scales do sharks have and explain how these aid swimming through water colum?
placoid scales, reduce drag in water
describe occurs of heterocercal tail
provide thurst and lift when moving
what difference betweenn physostomous and physomous
pystomous have a pneumatic duct that connects the swim bladder to the oesphogous, making if a lunchlike organ in fish
name the 3 species of wild amphibians present in ireland
rana temporaria , epidalea calameta, lissotriton vulgaris
your shown the skull of a mammal , with upper and lower incisors , a diastema and a fenestrated maxilariy bone, what order dose it belong to
rodents and rabits
how dose locomotion differ between true seals and sea lions
seals move forward by caterpillar-like hitching movements; sea lions use their hind legs to walk or even gallop across land.
how have the spine and skull of primates become modified to facilitate a bipedal stance
secondary curves in neck and spine
what is the lateral line
sensory structures in sharks
whats lateral line
seonsory structure in sharks with ampulla of lorenzini
monotremes have a single cloaca opening, whats that
single chamber into which urinogenital ducts and rectum open
whats the alula and what is its function
sits separately from other digits, helps with flight and turbulance
whats meant by anadromous
spawn in fresh water develop in sea
what morphological feature do teleost have which help reduce energy expenditure and enables them to stay at a certain point in water column
swim bladder
what is meant by the term anadromous in fish
swim up rive to spawn, develop in sea
marcuipials can be syndactylous or dydactylous , whats meant be this
syndactylous means having fused finger or webbed toes , dydactylous having the hind toes seperate
which cranial structure is present in diapsids and synapsids but is absent in anapsids
temporal fenestrae
whats the function of the paratoid gland in toads
the secrete toxins , sits in anterior part of head
what cranial structure is prsent in diapsids and synapsids but absent in anapsids
the temporal fenestrae
how do crocodile hearts differ from the heart of the other reptiles
they have a 4 chambered heart
What is specificity of solenoglyphous snakes
they have long hollow articulated fangs that fold into thier mouths when closed
how do teleost fish reproduce
through external fetilisation, egg and sperm release into water
list the defining charecters in the vertebrate body plan
thye have a nerve cord, notocord, post anal tail and gills
what did the major function of the pyloric ceca is ray finned fish
to aid in digestion in food, located behind the stomach
whats the paratoid gland
toxin gland behind head in frog
what is the only extant species within the order Rhynchocephalian, where dose it live
tuatara, islands off new zeland
whats the main difference in reproductive biology between the order urodele and anura
urodele = external fertilisation, cluster eggs and metamorphosis anuran= external fertilisation
name the 3 orders forming the class amphibia
urodele anura gymneophobia
how do hagfish feed
use travelling knot and mucous enzymes to aid feeding
1. where would you find what is the primary role of a rete mirabile in bony fishes
used in counter current exchange
where would u find retarete mirabile and whats its role
used in telelosts and sharks for counter current exchange
whats major function of the pyloric ceca in ray finned fish
used to increase gut area
whats the fundamental difference between poison and venom
venom has to be injected in to bloodstream, poison dosent, it can be inhalded or transferred through touch
Perisodactyla have mesoxonic limbs , whats meant be this
weight goes through the middle digit
what is the only true native irish reptile
zootoca vivipara