03.03 Mendel
Mendel's observations
1. Different forms of a gene account for variations in the inherited traits. 2. An organism inherits two genes for each trait, one from each parent. 3. Some alleles dominant over others for a given trait.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A breeding experiment that examines parents with a single differing trait
What s hybridization?
A breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar parents
What is a dominant trait?
An allele for a trait that tends to be expressed in the phenotype and mask the expression of a recessive allele.
What is a recessive trait?
An allele for a trait that will not be expressed in the phenotype unless the organism is homozygous for this trait
What were the results of Mendel's experiment?
F1 generation had the characteristics of only one of its parents. Mendel noted that the trait that was exhibited in the F1 generation appeared to be the dominant trait. However, the recessive trait reappeared in some of the F2 generation offspring.
What is a carpel?
Female part of each flower produces eggs
How was Mendel able to observe how traits were passed from parents to offspring?
He decided to breed different pea plants by causing one plant to reproduce with another plant.
Who is Gregor Mendel and what does he study?
He is an austrian monk who studied science and mathematics
What type of plants did Mendel use in his experiments? Why?
He used pea plants. He used them for genetic study because they reproduce sexually, have many contrasting characteristics, short life cycles, produce a large number of offspring, and are relatively easy to grow.
What is the stamen?
Male part of the flower that makes pollen and contains sperm cells
What are hybrids?
Offspring produced by a cross between parents with different traits
What is the principle of dominance?
Principle of dominance: Some alleles of a gene are dominant and others are recessive
What does it mean to be self pollinating?
Sperm cells fertilize eggs cells within the same flower to make a tiny embryo encased within a seed
What are genetics?
The scientific study of heredity
What is the law of segregation?
The two genes of a given trait separate, or segregate, during gamete production.
Where do plants from self-pollination inherit their traits from?
They inherited traits from their single parent plant
What is a clone?
a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
What is cross-pollination?
fertilization from one plant to another
What did scientists hypothesize about heredity before Mendel's investigations?
hereditary material contributed by parents blended together in their offspring.
What did mendel want to determine?
how characteristics from two different parents are inherited by their offspring.
What is the F2 generation?
offspring of the F1 generation
What is the F1 generation?
offspring of the P generation
What is the P generation?
original parents
