1-1 Stages of Development
the first translation of the ______ into English was made during the 1300s by John Wycliffe, a scholar and religious reformer.
Bible
During the 1700s Samuel Johnson compiled a ________ of the English language, while Noah Webster did the same in the united States.
Dictionary
Scholars and the clergy introduced ________ and Greek words. At first these words were not used by the common people.
Latin
In the eleventh century the _________ French invaded the British Isles and brought many new words, especially words dealing with government, law, fashion, and food.
Norman
Two Germanic tribes that invaded the British Isles in the fourth century were the Anglos and the_________, whose language became the basis of Old English.
Saxons
The Norsemen, or _______, arrived later and left fragments of their language behind.
Viking
Words were added to English by ________ from neighboring languages, such as Flemish, Dutch, and German. Through trade with distant lands other words also entered the language.
borrowing
Thousands of new words are created every year, many using _______ already in existence, but only a small number of them endure over a period of time.
elements
Many of the ________ letters in words such as light and knife were originally sounded
silent
Gradually words already in use were being used in new ways-as different parts of ______, in different contexts, or with entirely new meanings.
speech
There were several different dialects of Middle English. Eventually the dialect of the East Midlands became ______ English.
standard
At the present time English may be considered the closest thing to a _______ language that the world had ever known, since it is spoken around the globe with many dialectal variations.
universal