1. peacemaking
Why did Lloyd George not like the idea of self-determination?
Lloyd George did not like Wilson's ideas of self-determination and colonial freedom - this would be a threat to Britain's empire.
How harshly did Lloyd George feel that Germany should be punished?
Lloyd George wanted Germany to be punished, but less strongly than Clemenceau.
What is an armistice?
An armistice is an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, often so that a more permanent peace can be negotiated.
What 2 terms of the Armistice specifically pleased Lloyd George and Clemenceau?
- Clemenceau and Lloyd George both got their naval blockage. - Germany accepting the blame for the war and paying reparations for the damage they caused pleased both Clemenceau and Lloyd George.
Who did Germany giving up its heavy weapons satisfy and why?
- Clemenceau got his weakened German army. - Wilson also wanted disarmament, but for all countries.
Name 2 examples of how Clemenceau wanted Germany to be punished.
- France had borders in Germany. Clemenceau wanted the German army to be weakened so that it wouldn't pose a threat to France. - Clemenceau didn't support Wilson's fourteen points. For example, he wanted to keep his treaties with other nations, because he felt they protected France. He wanted to keep a naval blockade on Germany so he could control it.
Name two reasons The Allies wanted peace.
- Both sides had spent a lot of money on the war. - The Allies knew that the German army was beaten and retreating.
Name 5 important terms of the 1918 Armistice.
- German troops will evacuate Belgium, France and other occupied countries withing two weeks. - Germany will give up many of its heavy weapons. - The naval blockade on Germany will remain in place. - Germany will accept blame for war and pay reparations for the damage they caused. - German troops will evacuate the Rhineland, which will be occupied by Allied forces.
Name 2 examples of how Lloyd George wanted Germany to be punished.
- He wanted Germany to be punished but not too harshly. Germany was also an important trading partner for Britain, so a very weak German economy could cause problems. - Lloyd George also wanted to continue blockading Germany and to make private deals between nations.
What were Wilson's 14 Points?
1) No secret treaties 2) Free access to the sea for all 3) Free trade between countries 4) Disarmament by all countries 5) Colonies to have a say in their own future 6) Russia to be free of German troops 7) Belgium to be independent 8) Alsace- Lorraine to go to France 9) New frontier between Austria and Italy 10) Self-determination for people of Eastern Europe 11) Serbia to have access to the sea 12) Self-determination for people in Turkish Empire 13) Poland to be independent with access to the sea 14) League of Nations to settle disputes
Why did Wilson want the Alsace-Lorraine to go to France?
Alsace-Lorraine was a region that had repeatedly changed hands between France and Germany.
Which countries were the most effected by WW1?
As a result of the war, millions of people were dead or injured. Countries like German, Belgium and France were devastated by the fighting.
Could German politicians have refused the armistice?
At this point, German politicians had sent to sign the treaty had to accept whatever terms were offered to them.
What did Clemenceau like about Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Clemenceau liked Wilson's idea that the Alsace-Lorraine should be given to France - it would act as a barrier between the countries.
How harshly did Clemenceau feel Germany should be punished?
Clemenceau wanted to brutally punish Germany.
Who was David Lloyd George?
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister.
Who was Georges Clemenceau?
Georges Clemenceau was the Prime Minister of France.
What was the benefit of evacuating troops from Belgium and France?
German troops evacuating Belgium and France was a key part of the ceasefire and ended the actual fighting.
Did the final armistice terms reflect Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Germany had hoped to negotiate. They had contacted President Wilson first, because of his Fourteen Points. But the final armistice terms didn't reflect them much at all - they were very strict on Germany.
What did Germany think of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Germany had rejected Wilson's 14 Points originally, but changed their minds by November.
What did Germany want the armistice to be based on?
Germany wanted the armistice to be based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
What did Germany want peace?
Germany was in political chaos. The troops were loosing moral and when sailors in the German navy mutinied on 3rd November 1918, it triggered a series of revolts across the country. There was a lot of uncertainty about how Germany would be governed.
When did President Wilson come up with his Fourteen Points?
President Wilson had come up with his Fourteen Points on January 1918.
What is self-determination?
Self-determination is the right for a nation to govern itself.
Why was the idea of self-determination unpopular?
Self-determination was very unpopular with countries like Britain, which had huge empires, and it became very difficult when put into practise.
Did all The Allied leaders' achieve their aims.
The Allied leaders' achieved their aims to different extents.
Why did The Allies not reject the armistice?
The Allies could have rejected the request for an armistice, and forced the German army all the way back into central Germany, but it would've been difficult and costly. Supplying the Allied armies would also have been challenging, since so many roads and railways had been destroyed.
When did the Kaiser abdicate?
The Kaiser abdicated on the 9th November 1918.
Why was Wilson's idea of punishing Germany less harsh than the prime ministers' of France and Britain?
The United States had come into the war late and hadn't been devastated the same way France and Britain had. This made Wilson more idealistic about peace.
What year did the fighting end and the armistice become created?
The armistice was created on November 11th 1918.
How long was the armistice in force for?
The armistice was in force for thirty days, but it was continually renewed until the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
When did the signing of the armistice take place?
The signing took place on the 11th of November.
What countries were known as the Allies and The Big 3?
The winners (Britain, France and the USA) were known as The Allies and The Big 3.
How did Clemenceau and Lloyd George feel about Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Unfortunately for Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd George didn't like a lot of his fourteen points.
How did Wilson feel about Germany's punishment?
Wilson didn't want to be too harsh on Germany.
Why was disarmament one of the reasons Wilson was accused of being too idealistic?
Wilson wanted countries to disarm to the lowest possible level without risking their 'domestic safety.' There was no clear idea of how this could be measured, and it was unlikely in a time of war.
How did Wilson want disagreements between countries to be settled?
Wilson wanted disagreements between countries to be settled by discussion rather than force.
Why did Wilson want no secret treaties?
Wilson wanted no secret treaties because a system if alliances had been an important cause of the First World war.
What was Wilson's main aim?
Wilson's main aim was to stop war from happening again.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States.
What year did World War 1 start?
World War 1 started in 1914.