10 - Psychology Mid-Term (Chapter 5)

12) _____is the view that the mind makes a coherent story out of spontaneous brain stem discharges. A) The activation-synthesis dream model B) The humanistic model C) The behavioristic approach D) The homeostatic approach E) The psychoanalytic perspective

A) The activation-synthesis dream model Activation-Synthesis Dream Model: Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity.

19) The drug has a greater negative effect on health than does all the other psychoactive drugs combined. A) nicotine B) LSD C) PCP D) heroin E) alcohol

A) nicotine

1) Which of the following is NOT a general function of consciousness? A) responding with impulses B) restricting attention C) organizing thoughts D) recognizing new information E) constructing personal realities

A) responding with impulses Consciousness: A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.

20) The phenomenon by which a constant drug dose produces smaller effects with repeated administration is termed A) tolerance. B) psychological dependence. C) drug withdrawal. D) physiological dependence. E) activation-synthesis.

A) tolerance. Nicotine: A stimulant drug in tobacco that increases the activities of the nervous system,heart, and other organs

6) All of the following are characteristic of REM sleep except... A) vivid cognitions. B) rapid eye movement. C) voluntary muscles are immobile. D) sleep paralysis. E) it is a deep sleep.

A) vivid cognitions.

7) While in the REM phase of sleep, A) your voluntary muscles are in mobilized in sleep paralysis. B) you experience sleep spindles. C) you are likely to act out your dreams. D) your mental activity focuses on ordinary daily events. E) you may sleep walk and sleep talk.

A) your voluntary muscles are in mobilized in sleep paralysis REM Sleep: Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

5) Changes that occur daily in our consciousness that contribute to how alert we are at any given time during the day are controlled by A) our genotypes. B) circadian rhythms. C) biological tides. D) daydreaming. E) our interests.

B) circadian rhythms. Circadian Rhythms: The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.

2) The body's monitoring of biological functioning such as digestion and breathing are examples of A) subconscious awareness. B) non conscious processes. C) preconscious processes. D) semiconscious processes. E) conscious awareness.

B) non conscious processes. Non Conscious Process: Reflexive Behanoirs

11) According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to A) the setting of the dream. B) the story line of the dream. C) the emotional tone of the dream. D) the symbolic meaning of the dream. E) whether the dream is in color or black and white.

B) the story line of the dream. Manifest Content of a Dream (Freud): According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

16) Widely abused illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines are attractive to users because A) they suppress REM sleep. B) they stimulate the brain's "reward circuits." C) they produce hallucinations and delusions. D) they helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. E) they slow down mental and physical activity.

B) they stimulate the brain's "reward circuits"

10) A recent research study suggests that the cognitive deficit produced by sleep deprivation is similar to that of: A) a short sleeper. B) a 90 year old. C) a legally drunk person. D) a long sleeper. E) C and D are correct.

C) a legally drunk person.

18) depressants cause A) anxiety. B) individuals to feel clinically depressed. C) inhibition of transmission of messages in the central nervous system D) individuals to feel euphoric and excited. E) All of the above

C) inhibition of transmission of messages in the central nervous system

8) The deepest point in the sleep cycle, when brain waves activity is the slowest, occurs in A) Stage 4, about two hours before waking up. B) REM sleep, about one hour before waking up. C) Stage 1, about three hours after falling asleep. D) Stage 4, about a half hour after falling asleep. E) REM sleep, about one hour after falling asleep.

D) Stage 4, about a half hour after falling asleep.

4) Preconscious memories are thought to A) detect changes in biological functioning and regulate them without conscious awareness. B) involve automatic cognitive processing of information. C) stem from the need to repress traumatic memories or taboo desires. D) function in the background until they are needed. E) cannot be brought to conscious memory because they are 'buried' too deep.

D) function in the background until they are needed. Preconscious: According to Freud, the level of awareness that contains material just beneath the surface of conscious awareness that can easily be retrieved.

13) All of the following can be helpful in treating insomnia except A) using cognitive-behavioral therapy to get to sleep faster. B) trying to reduce levels of stress on a daily basis. C) associating one's bedroom with sleeping only (not studying, watching television, etc.). D) having parents of newborn infants go about their normal day instead of trying not to make any noise while the child is sleeping. E) All of the above would be useful in reducing insomnia

D) having parents of newborn infants go about their normal day instead of trying not to make any noise while the child is sleeping. Treating Insomnia: 1. Cognitive behavioral therapy (no TV, etc in bedroom); sleep hygien

9) Your alarm clock is set to wake you up two hours before you would normally arise. After a few days of this, you shut off your alarm clock and go to sleep. We would now expect to show A) no REM sleep. B) the same REM sleep as usual. C) only REM sleep. D) more REM sleep than usual. E) even less REM sleep than usual.

D) more REM sleep than usual.

15) The occurrence of daytime sleep attacks is a symptom of A) daytime sleepiness. B) sleep paralysis. C) sleep apnea. D) narcolepsy. E) insomnia.

D) narcolepsy. Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

3) Freud believed that the vast majority of our motivation arose from our A) altered states of consciousness. B) non conscious. C) conscious. D) unconscious. E) preconscious.

D) unconscious.

17) The psychoactive effect of smoking cannabis is due to an action of_____on the brain. A) PCP B) codeine C) opium D)THC E) valium

D)THC THC: The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

14) Sleep apnea can be dangerous for adults because it A) causes lower back pain. B) can cause a migraine. C) causes a loss of muscle tone. D) can reduce heart rate. E) elevates blood pressure, which in turn stresses the heart

E) elevates blood pressure, which in turn stresses the heart Sleep Apnea: A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.