10.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Describe and give examples of each of the following characteristic properties of gases: expansion, density, fluidity, compressibility, diffusion and effusion.
Expansion: a gas will completely only fill any container it is in Density: Low density Fluidity: Gas particles glide easily past one another Compressibility: gas particles, which are initially far apart, can be crowded close together Diffusion: Process of spreading out spontaneously to uniformly occupy a space Effusion: Process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
List the 5 assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases.
The kinetic-molecular theory of gases is based on 5 assumptions. 1. Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their state. 2. Collisions between gas particles and between particles and container walls are elastic collisions. 3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion. They therefore possess kinetic energy, which is energy of motion. 4. There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles. 5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature of the gas.
Under which conditions do real gases most resemble ideal gases?
low pressure and high temperature
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, how does a gas expand?
Its particles move greater distances.
Describe the conditions under which a real gas deviates from "ideal" behavior.
The behavior of real gas deviates from ideal gases under high pressure and low temperatures
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, which substances are made of particles?
all matter
If two moving steel balls collide, their total energy after the collision is the same as before. This is an example of
an elastic collision.
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, particles of matter
are in constant motion
The density of a substance undergoes the greatest change when the substance changes from a
liquid to a gas.
An ideal gas is an imaginary gas
that conforms to all of the assumptions of the kinetic theory.
Which is an example of gas diffusion?
the odor of perfume spreading throughout a room
Unlike in an ideal gas, in a real gas
the particles exert attractive forces on each other.
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, gases condense into liquids because of
forces between molecules
State the kinetic-molecular theory of matter and describe how it explains certain properties of matter.
The kinetic molecular theory of matter can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and goses in terms of the energy of particles and the forces that act between them. It states that matter is made up of partices that are constantly moving.
