10.2

Which of the following is the best summary of the core knowledge hypothesis?

Children learn through a process of accommodation and assimilation. Infants have inborn abilities for understanding some key aspects of their environment. Children do not develop true abstract thinking until after puberty.

Which of the following is one of the two processes by which children accumulate and modify information from their surroundings according to Jean Piaget?

assimilation

The potential of an infant's brain to function and develop is most assisted by______________.

both the creation and the removal of synaptic connections

Some children who were observed in the strange situation scenario did not demonstrate one consistent attachment style, but instead seemed unable to decide how they should react to their mother and to new circumstances. Researchers have labeled this the insecure-__________ attachment style.

disorganized

Little Kayla is fascinated by the things that she can hear, taste, smell, see, and feel. She also takes great pleasure in discovering the new things she can do with her little hands and feet. She is most likely in Piaget's ___________ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor

Jean Piaget proposed a four-stage model of human cognitive development. Which of the following is the correct order of those stages?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

The loss of weak nerve cell connections in the brain is known as ____________.

synaptic pruning

The creation of new synaptic connections between neurons is called ___________________, whereas the removal of weak connections is called _______________.

synaptogenesis; synaptic pruning

Cross-cultural studies show that children raised in different environments mature at slightly different rates. According to your textbook, these differences are likely due to differences in_________.

the cultural expectations regarding maturation rates

What happened when parents from one culture reported that they expected earlier milestones for some abilities- such as sitting and crawling- than parents of another culture?

Their children reached the milestones at an earlier age than the children from other cultures.

What is the primary difference between the concrete operational and formal operational stages of cognitive development, as proposed by Jean Piaget?

Those in the formal operational stage are capable of abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking, while those in the concrete operational stage are not.

With which mother did infant monkeys spend most of their time in the experiments of Harry Harlow?

With the cloth mother

At five years old, Sammy is better able to understand his friends' feelings as compared to when he was three years old. Sammy is acquiring ____________.

a theory of mind

Janis sees a bat flying over the lake and says, "Birdie!" Her mother says, "That flies like a bird, Janis, but that is a bat." Janis begins pointing saying, "Bat! Bat! Bat!" Piaget would say that this is an example of __________.

accommodation

Although not all psychologists agree, research using habituation and dishabituation discussed in your textbook suggests that very young infants might_________________.

achieve Piaget's formal operational stage by 7 years of age