10.5 - Functional Groups - Part 2

naming carboxylic acids (2)

"-e" is replaced with "-oic acid". As the carboxyl group is always on the end of a chain, the carbon atom in the carboxyl group is always carbon no 1.

position of carbonyl group in aldehydes

end of hydrocarbon chain

ester

homologous series of molecules that contain ester (-COO-) functional group

carboxylic acid

homologous series of organic molecules that contain carboxyl functional group (-COOH)

naming esters (2) (extensive)

Names of esters consist of two words. The FIRST part is based on the no of carbon atoms in the chain attached to the singly bonded oxygen (-O-). The SECOND part of the name is based on the no of carbon atoms in the chain containing the carbonyl group The -O- section of an ESTER is derived from an alcohol and contributes to the FIRST word of the name. name of the alcohol is adapted by changing the "-ol" suffix to "-yl" section containing the CARBONYL group is derived from a carboxylic acid and contributes to SECOND word of name. the name of carboxylic acid is adapted by changing "-oic acid" to "-oate"

carbonyl (-CO-) group is component of (5)

aldehydes ketones carboxylic acids primary amides esters

position of carbohyl group in ketones

carbonyl carbon is attached to other carbon atoms. means that carbonyl group is never at end of molecule. in semi-structural formulas, carbonyl functional group in ketone is written as -CO-

primary amides contain

carbonyl functional group attached to an amino functional group. nitrogen atom in primary amides is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

amide

compound containing -CONH- functional group. forms link between amino acids in proteins, where it's also called peptide link

amide functional group

functional group found in the homologous series of amides consisting of an amine group attached to a carbonyl group - CNH2

carbonyl functional group

functional group that consists of carbon atom doubled bonded to oxygen atom, -CO-. present in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides and esters

carboxyl functional group

functional group that consists of hydroxyl group attached to carbon of carbon group, -COOH. present in carboxylic acids

ester functional group

functional group that is result of reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid. consists of a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom bonded to another carbon atom, -COO-

ketone

homologous series of organic molecules that contains carbonyl functional group (C=O) within carbon chain

aldehyde

homologous series of organic molecules which contains carbonyl functional group, C=O, bonded to hydrogen on one end of molecule. can be recognised by presence of -CHO group at one end of compound's condensed structural formula

aldehydes and ketones are

homologous series that contain carbonyl group on its own

carboxyl functional group is located at

one end of hydrocarbon chain