10.5 - Functional Groups - Part 2
naming carboxylic acids (2)
"-e" is replaced with "-oic acid". As the carboxyl group is always on the end of a chain, the carbon atom in the carboxyl group is always carbon no 1.
position of carbonyl group in aldehydes
end of hydrocarbon chain
ester
homologous series of molecules that contain ester (-COO-) functional group
carboxylic acid
homologous series of organic molecules that contain carboxyl functional group (-COOH)
naming esters (2) (extensive)
Names of esters consist of two words. The FIRST part is based on the no of carbon atoms in the chain attached to the singly bonded oxygen (-O-). The SECOND part of the name is based on the no of carbon atoms in the chain containing the carbonyl group The -O- section of an ESTER is derived from an alcohol and contributes to the FIRST word of the name. name of the alcohol is adapted by changing the "-ol" suffix to "-yl" section containing the CARBONYL group is derived from a carboxylic acid and contributes to SECOND word of name. the name of carboxylic acid is adapted by changing "-oic acid" to "-oate"
carbonyl (-CO-) group is component of (5)
aldehydes ketones carboxylic acids primary amides esters
position of carbohyl group in ketones
carbonyl carbon is attached to other carbon atoms. means that carbonyl group is never at end of molecule. in semi-structural formulas, carbonyl functional group in ketone is written as -CO-
primary amides contain
carbonyl functional group attached to an amino functional group. nitrogen atom in primary amides is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
amide
compound containing -CONH- functional group. forms link between amino acids in proteins, where it's also called peptide link
amide functional group
functional group found in the homologous series of amides consisting of an amine group attached to a carbonyl group - CNH2
carbonyl functional group
functional group that consists of carbon atom doubled bonded to oxygen atom, -CO-. present in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides and esters
carboxyl functional group
functional group that consists of hydroxyl group attached to carbon of carbon group, -COOH. present in carboxylic acids
ester functional group
functional group that is result of reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid. consists of a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom bonded to another carbon atom, -COO-
ketone
homologous series of organic molecules that contains carbonyl functional group (C=O) within carbon chain
aldehyde
homologous series of organic molecules which contains carbonyl functional group, C=O, bonded to hydrogen on one end of molecule. can be recognised by presence of -CHO group at one end of compound's condensed structural formula
aldehydes and ketones are
homologous series that contain carbonyl group on its own
carboxyl functional group is located at
one end of hydrocarbon chain