11th Grade Physics: Chapter 11, 11th Grade Physics: Chapter 12
True/False: Gravity is always considered the most important impulsive force on a given system.
False
True/False: A free-falling object experiences a change in momentum.
True
the alteration of wave frequency emitted by a source as perceived by an observer moving relative to the source
Doppler effect
True/False: A moving compact car has more momentum than a heavy truck at rest.
True
True/False: If a collision is completely inelastic, the total kinetic energy of the system will be greater before the collision than afterward.
False
True/False: Internal forces change the overall momentum of a system.
False
True/False: Kinetic energy is conserved in an inelastic collision.
False
True/False: Momentum is a scalar quantity since it does not need direction to express it properly.
False
True/False: The object with the larger mass always has the greatest momentum.
False
True/False: When a karate expert breaks a stack of bricks with his hand, he gets the best results from exerting a maximum momentum over a maximum time.
False
True/False: When unbalanced outside forces act on a system, the momentum of the system is conserved.
False
The SI unit of frequency is the __________.
Hertz
All of the following are equal to Δp except a. m Δv b. ΣF Δt c. I d. mv
d.
True/False: A person jumping from an elevated position should bend his knees upon making contact to extend the collision time and thus reduce the force of the impact.
True
True/False: Engineers want to design cars so that they have inelastic collisions when they collide.
True
True/False: Force is the time rate of change of momentum.
True
True/False: Impulse is a vector quantity.
True
True/False: In elastic collisions, only conservative forces are at work.
True
True/False: In inelastic collisions, various forms of internal resistance within the system of objects convert kinetic energy into other forms of energy.
True
True/False: Momentum is conserved in elastic three-dimensional collisions.
True
True/False: Most collisions occur in two or three dimensions.
True
True/False: Rockets move by accelerating propellant mass.
True
True/False: The center of mass of an irregular body travels in a straight line.
True
True/False: The change of momentum of a system is equal to the impulse on the system.
True
Damping is a. the slowing down of periodic motion due to friction b. increasing the resonance by supplying a mechanical force c. a shift in the equilibrium position due to air resistance d. an increase in the energy of a vibrating system
a.
In simple harmonic motion a. energy in conserved b. there is no displacement c. the acceleration remains constant d. the potential energy remains constant e. we are not usually interested in the restoring force
a.
Longitudinal waves a. travel fastest in solids b. travel fastest in a vacuum c. travel more rapidly in gases than liquids d. vibrate perpendicular to the medium through which they pass e. are similar to waves of the electromagnetic spectrum
a.
One mass is stationary, and a second mass moves toward it with a constant speed. The two masses collide elastically in one dimension. After the collision, the second mass is stationary, and the first mass moves away at the same speed. Which of the following is true? a. m1 = m2 b. m1 < m2 c. kinetic energy is transformed to another type of energy d. momentum is not conserved
a.
Resonance is produced when an oscillating object a. is driven in phase b. experiences overdamping c. has a lathe amplitude d. experiences any damping
a.
The perceived frequency of waves from a moving source compared to the actual frequency at the source is called the a. Doppler effect b. pitch c. resonant frequency d. fundamental frequency
a.
The period of a harmonic oscillator is a. the time the oscillator takes to complete one cycle b. one cycle of motion c. the maximum displacement of the oscillator d. the number of cycles the oscillator makes per second
a.
The speed of sound in air at 0°C is always a. greater than the speed of sound in a vacuum b. greater than the speed of sound in steel c. greater than the speed of sound in water d. greater than the speed of sound in rock e. less than the speed of sound in other gasses
a.
Which is not an example of a damping force? a. inertia b. viscosity c. friction d. air resistance
a.
Which of the following is the correct equation for thrust? a. F = Δm /Δt b. F = Δp c. F = ΣF Δt d. F = Δp / Δt
a.
An oboe softly playing middle-C and a piano loudly playing middle-C have the same a. quality b. intensity c. harmonics d. frequency
d.
For a physical pendulum, the period depends on all of the following except the a. weight of the pendulum bob b. length of the pendulum arm c. shape of the pendulum bob d. pendulum bob's initial velocity
d.
The maximum displacement of an oscillating object from equilibrium is called the ____________.
amplitude
the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position of a system experiencing simple harmonic motion
amplitude
A real baseball bat hitting a real baseball is an example of a. an elastic collision b. a partially elastic collision c. an inelastic collision d. a gravity assist
b.
An oscillator completes 3 cycles in 6 seconds. What is its frequency in hertz? a. 18 Hz b. 0.5 Hz c. 2.0 Hz d. 3.0 Hz
b.
In an inelastic collision a. the total kinetic energy of the system is always greater afterward b. some kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy c. masses are deformed but bounce back d. kinetic energy but not momentum is conserved
b.
The collision in the air of two tossed basketballs would be an example of a. an elastic collision b. a partially elastic collision c. an inelastic collision d. conservation of kinetic energy
b.
The period of an oscillating mass on a spring is directly related to a. the mass of the spring b. the spring constant c. the velocity of the spring d. the displacement of the spring
b.
The product of the frequency of a wave and its period is always equal to a. π b. 1 c. 2π d. 3π
b.
The rest position of a mass on a spring is called its a. displacement b. equilibrium position c. cycle d. frequency
b.
Through which medium does sound travel faster a. hydrogen b. wood c. water d. vacuum
b.
Which is a characteristic of elastic collisions? a. the colliding masses stick together b. total mechanical energy is conserved c. momentum but not kinetic energy is conserved d. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved
b.
Which of the following involves a significant transverse wave component to be created in the wave medium? a. a woodpecker pecking a hole in a tree b. bumping into a small aquarium c. crashing cymbals together d. compressing a spring and then releasing it
b.
Which statement characterizes longitudinal waves? a. they travel more rapidly in gases than in liquids b. they travel the fastest in solids c. they travel fastest in a vacuum d. they vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the wave
b.
Which statement is true about simple harmonic motion? a. there is minimum displacement b. mechanical energy is conserved c. we are not usually interested in the restoring force d. the acceleration of the oscillating object does not change
b.
Projectile energy can be determined using an inelastic collision with a(n) _______________.
ballistic pendulum
The kinetic energy of a pendulum is greatest at ____________ of the swing.
bottom
A young child throws a glob of modeling clay on the floor. What kind of collision does that illustrate? a. an elastic collision b. a partially elastic collision c. an inelastic collision d. a partially inelastic collision
c.
The acceleration of an oscillating mass on a spring is a. zero b. constant c. always changing d. always positive
c.
The linear momentum vector points in the direction of the system's a. displacement vector b. acceleration vector c. velocity vector d. total kinetic energy
c.
The purpose of deploying an airbag in a vehicle during a collision is to a. reduce the passenger's total kinetic energy b. force the passenger away from the dashboard c. reduce the impulse of the passenger when he collides with the car's interior d. reduce the passengers inertia
c.
Tripling the velocity of a moving object will triple its a. acceleration b. potential energy c. momentum d. kinetic energy
c.
What kind of collision is the basis of a ballistic pendulum? a. an elastic collision b. a partially elastic collision c. an inelastic collision d. conservation of kinetic energy
c.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of sound as perceived by the ear? a. loudness b. pitch c. velocity d. quality
c.
Which would cause the period of an oscillator to decrease? a. using a less stiff spring b. increasing the amplitude of oscillation c. shortening the pendulum arm d. using a heavier mass on a spring
c.
The momentum of a system of objects can be determined using the velocity of its _______________.
center of mass
An air table is a labratory device used to demonstrate the dynamics of ______________.
collision
A _________________ is an instrumental device used for monitoring the forces that could be exerted in a human being during a vehicle collision.
crash test dummy
The harmonic oscillator that barely completes one cycle before damping stops motion is called ________________.
critically damped
one complete path of a system which is repeated in period motion
cycle
Recoil momentum and thrust are related to which of Newton's laws? a. first law of motion b. second law of motion c. law of gravitation d. third law of motion
d.
Simple harmonic motion does not require a. a maximum displacement b. periodic motion c. a restoring force d. damping
d.
The period of a simple pendulum is a. directly proportional to the diameter of the bob b. inversely proportional to the length of the pendulum c. directly proportional to the mass of the bob d. inversely proportional to the square root of the acceleration due to gravity
d.
Which of the following is not conserved in an elastic collision? a. mass b. momentum c. total energy d. all the above are conserved
d.
Which of the following is not conserved in an inelastic collision? a. mass b. momentum c. total energy d. kinetic energy
d.
reducing the amplitude of period motion through friction or other resistance
damping
the smallest difference in loudness that the average human ear can detect
decibels
Which would cause the period of an ideal spring-mass oscillating system to increase? a. increasing the amplitude of oscillation b. moving a system to a location with a larger gravitational pull c. moving a system to a location with a smaller gravitational pull d. using a lighter mass on a spring-mass system e. using a less stiff spring (smaller spring constant)
e.
Kinetic energy is conserved in _____________ collisions.
elastic
When only conservative forces act on a system of colliding objects, the collision is __________.
elastic
The modes of collisions are _____________, ______________, and _______________.
elastic, partially elastic, and inelastic
In the case of the waves in a rippling flag, the medium of the wave is the _______.
fabric
What forces produce the restoring force of a pendulum?
force of gravity and tension on pendulum arm
number of cycles completed per unit time
frequency
Damping is the effect of ___________ on a vibrating system.
friction
a sound wave whose frequency is an integer multiple of the principle or fundamental frequency
harmonics
A change in momentum and the associated ___________ are considered to be equivalent.
impulse
As the stiffness of an oscillating spring increases, its restoring force ____________.
increases
Colliding objects stick together in _____________ collisions.
inelastic
If no unbalanced external force acts on a system, what happens to its momentum?
it is conserved
If a sphere with a small mass collides with a larger, stationary sphere and both have a final velocity of zero, what happened to the kinetic energy of the first ball?
its kinetic energy was transformed into another type of energy: heat, light, or sound
List the two basic types of waves.
longitudinal waves and transverse waves
In inelastic collisions, the net change in kinetic energy of the system is a __________ of kinetic energy.
loss
What two factors contribute to momentum?
mass and velocity
the substance that oscillates as a wave travels through it
medium
Quantity of motion was Newton's term for ____________.
momentum
The frequency at which a force is most effective in increasing the amplitude of an oscillating object is called the ______________.
natural oscillation frequency
Momentum is not conserved when _______________ forces act on a system.
nonconservative, external, unbalanced
Give an example of an oscillator and the damping forces that act on it.
oscillator: tuning fork damping forces: air resistance and stiffness of material
a partial oscillation where damping is so strong that the system returns directly to its equilibrium position with no overshoot
overdamped oscillation
Most collisions are ___________ collisions.
partially inelastic
Motion that repeats at a constant rate is called ______________.
periodic motion
The difference in frequency between two sound waves results in different ___________ as sensed by the ear.
pitch
the quality of highness or lowness of sound that depends upon the fundamental frequency
pitch
A ballistic pendulum is useful for measuring the energy of a(n) ______________.
projectile
the region where the medium particles are farther apart then average
rarefaction zone
The motion of a rifle that results from a bullet fired from the rifle is called ____________.
recoil
Plucking a guitar strong that emits the guitar's natural frequency causes the guitar to exhibit ___________.
resonance
the state of an oscillating system driven at its natural frequency
resonance
The net force on an oscillating mass is called the ___________ force.
restoring
Two high quality billiard balls collide with a "click." Explain why this is not an elastic collision.
some energy is released as unusable sound energy
What property of a spring produces the restoring force of the spring?
stiffness of the spring (spring constant)
The force that causes the motion of a rocket-like system is called _________.
thrust
Why are cars designed to create as inelastic a collision as possible?
to minimize the occupant's impulse, converting mechanical energy to heat, light, or sound
a wave in which the oscillating component vibrates at right angles to the direction of the wave's travel
transverse wave
A change in momentum of a system is the result of a(n) __________________ force.
unbalanced external
Momentum is a(n) ___________ quantity.
vector
A change in the momentum of a system is usually a change in its ____________.
velocity
an oscillatory disturbance traveling through a medium
wave
the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waveforms
wavelength
For inelastic collisions, the rebound angle is ________ degrees.
zero
