1322 chapter 4

On a daily basis, the number of teaspoons of added sugar should not exceed

100 calories (6 teaspoons) for women, and 150 calories (9 teaspoons) for men.

Regarding prediabetes,

30% will go on to develop diabetes.

The latest DRIs indicate that ________ percent of your total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.

45-65

Polyols, tagalose, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame, rebaudioside A, monk fruit, and advantame are

FDA approved

Fiber functions as ________ because increases the bulk of stool, it helps keep things moving through the digestive tract, and it encourages the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon and their fermentation by-products.

an anti-cancer agent

Type 1 diabetes is

an auto immune disorder

One benefit of carbohydrates is that they

are rich in fiber.

Foods that contain naturally occurring sugar tend to

be nutrient dense.

For persons who have been diagnosed with diabetes, intake of soda, fruit drinks, sweetened coffee and tea, and sports drinks should

be reduecd

To lower your blood glucose level, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin into the

blood

Starch is the stored form of glucose in plants, and glycogen is the stored form in the

body

Viscous fibers have been shown to help lower elevated blood ________ levels.

cholesterol

Adequate fiber consumption decreases the risk of

colorectal cancer.

Multiple sugar substitutes are

currently deemed safe by the FDA.

Nerve damage, leg and foot amputations, tooth loss, gum problems, kidney disease, heart disease, vision problems are complications of

diabetes

Brown bread is nutritionally superior to white bread.

false

Carbohydrate is the most abundant glucose in nature.

false

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plant cells.

false

Losing as much weight as possible, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced, and high-fiber diet that is lower in added sugars may be the best strategy to reduce the risk of developing diabetes.

false

Low-fat animal foods can contain soluble, fermentable, and viscous fiber.

false

Most persons who have prediabetes are aware of the condition and maintain normal blood glucose levels.

false

Packaged foods are the best sources of carbohydrate.

false

Simple carbohydrates (fruit) are nutritionally superior to complex carbohydrates (peas and beans).

false

Sugar can contribute to dental caries, an elevated level of fat in your blood, and an increase of the "good" HDL cholesterol.

false

The best overall strategy for overweight and obese persons to lose and maintain ideal body weight is to experiment with sugar substitutes because some have an aftertaste.

false

The daily recommended amount of sugar varies according to body weight.

false

The only foods which contain dietary fiber are animal foods.

false

Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds are excellent sources of fiber and fat.

false

Adequate consumption of ________ has been shown to help lower your risk of developing constipation, obesity, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus.

fiber

Adults should consume 21 to 38 grams of ________ daily.

fiber

Excessive consumption of ________ may lead to diarrhea.

fiber

Increased intake of ________ should be made gradually and with more fluids.

fiber

Persons who eat 18-30 grams of ________ are less likely to suffer from constipation, diverticulosis, heart disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers, compared to those who eat minimal amounts.

fiber

________ been shown to help lower the risk of developing constipation, diverticulosis, obesity, heart disease, and cancer.

fiber

Your pancreas releases ________ when the body needs to direct the release of glucose from the stored glycogen in your liver to help raise your blood glucose level.

glucagon

Mr. Valdez gave blood recently and discovered that his blood cholesterol is too high. He is therefore at higher risk of

heart disease

A high blood cholesterol level can ________ the risk of heart disease.

increase

When blood glucose levels are high, ________ is produced in the pancreas to bring glucose levels back to normal.

insulin

Gums and candies that contain sugar alcohols

may contain calories.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are

monosaccharides.

Individuals who have diagnosed with diabetes need to have

more high-fiber, low-fat foods.

Risk factors such as: being 45 years of age and older; being non-White; having developed diabetes during a pregnancy; or having given birth to a baby weighing nine pounds or more; and being physically active fewer than three times a week increase the risk of

prediabetes

The medical condition whereby an individual's blood glucose levels are chronically elevated but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes is called

prediabetes

According to the FDA, sugar substitutes are

safe for human consumption.

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth with the help of the enzyme amylase, which is in the

saliva

Polyols, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, rebaudioside A, tagalose, neotame, monk fruit, and advantame are

sugar subsitutes

Substances that do not promote dental caries and can benefit those with diabetes who are trying to stabilize their blood glucose are called

sugar subsitutes

The ________ daily carbohydrate servings from the grain group (6 servings), vegetable group (3 servings), fruit group (2 servings), and dairy group (3 servings).

the minimum

Although consumption of sugar substitutes has increased,

the number of overweight Americans has also increased.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and ends with the absorption of the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose in the small intestine.

true

Carbohydrates which have branches (peas and beans) are easier to digest than those which are straight chains of glucose (fruit).

true

Diabetes is a medical condition whereby an individual either doesn't have enough insulin or is resistant to the insulin available, causing the blood glucose level to rise; and insulin resistance is the inability of cells to respond to insulin.

true

Foods with added sugars may displace more nutritious foods and quickly add excess calories to your diet.

true

Foods with naturally occurring sugars, such as whole fruit, tend to provide more nutrition than empty-calorie sweets such as candy.

true

Glucose is a monosaccharide; while maltose, sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.

true

Glucose is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature.

true

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells.

true

Individuals can lower their blood cholesterol by eating more viscous soluble fibers like pectin which is found in many fruits and vegetables, and more beta glucans which is found in oats and barley.

true

John donated blood and discovered that his blood cholesterol is high. He therefore needs to eat more oats and barley which are high in beta glucans.

true

Juan has been diagnosed with prediabetes. He is less likely to develop type 2 diabetes if he decides to lose weight, exercise 2.5 hours a week, eat a plant-based, heart-healthy diet, and meet with a health professional for ongoing support is less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than someone who does not adopt any of these behaviors.

true

The American Heart Association has recommended that women consume no more than 100 calories (6 teaspoons) of added sugars daily and that men consume no more than 150 calories (9 teaspoons) of added sugars daily.

true

The amount of recommended daily sugar intake varies according to the individual's recommended number of calories.

true

The carbohydrates in peas and beans are harder to digest than those in potatoes, rice, bread, pasta, and cereals.

true

The higher a person's intake of added sugars from soda, fruit drinks, sweetened coffee and tea, and sports drinks, the higher are their chances of developing type 2 diabetes.

true

The lower the consumption of added sugars, the better.

true

Viscous fiber has thickening properties and moves slowly through the digestive tract, but fermentable fiber is digested by intestinal bacteria.

true

Viscous soluble fibers include pectin, found in many fruits and vegetables, and beta glucans, found in oats and barley are heart-healthy.

true

White whole wheat bread is as nutritious was dark whole-wheat bread.

true

Whole grains, whole fruits and vegetables, and legumes are the best food sources of simple carbohydrates and starch.

true

You should consume 14 milligrams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.

true

Shedding some excess weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced, high-fiber, healthy diet that is lower in added sugars may be the best strategy to lower the risk of developing

type 2 diabetes

Mr. Martin has been diagnosed with diabetes for six months. He drinks regular soda for lunch and dinner on most days, and he eats cake for dessert at most meals. He does not like to take medication. If he doesn't take control of his diabetes, what could happen to him? He could develop

vision problems

Many persons who have been diagnosed type 2 diabetes

would benefit from individualized instruction regarding weight management, diet, and lifestyle changes.

The most common form of diabetes is

Type 2