1322 chapter 4
On a daily basis, the number of teaspoons of added sugar should not exceed
100 calories (6 teaspoons) for women, and 150 calories (9 teaspoons) for men.
Regarding prediabetes,
30% will go on to develop diabetes.
The latest DRIs indicate that ________ percent of your total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.
45-65
Polyols, tagalose, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame, rebaudioside A, monk fruit, and advantame are
FDA approved
Fiber functions as ________ because increases the bulk of stool, it helps keep things moving through the digestive tract, and it encourages the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon and their fermentation by-products.
an anti-cancer agent
Type 1 diabetes is
an auto immune disorder
One benefit of carbohydrates is that they
are rich in fiber.
Foods that contain naturally occurring sugar tend to
be nutrient dense.
For persons who have been diagnosed with diabetes, intake of soda, fruit drinks, sweetened coffee and tea, and sports drinks should
be reduecd
To lower your blood glucose level, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin into the
blood
Starch is the stored form of glucose in plants, and glycogen is the stored form in the
body
Viscous fibers have been shown to help lower elevated blood ________ levels.
cholesterol
Adequate fiber consumption decreases the risk of
colorectal cancer.
Multiple sugar substitutes are
currently deemed safe by the FDA.
Nerve damage, leg and foot amputations, tooth loss, gum problems, kidney disease, heart disease, vision problems are complications of
diabetes
Brown bread is nutritionally superior to white bread.
false
Carbohydrate is the most abundant glucose in nature.
false
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plant cells.
false
Losing as much weight as possible, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced, and high-fiber diet that is lower in added sugars may be the best strategy to reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
false
Low-fat animal foods can contain soluble, fermentable, and viscous fiber.
false
Most persons who have prediabetes are aware of the condition and maintain normal blood glucose levels.
false
Packaged foods are the best sources of carbohydrate.
false
Simple carbohydrates (fruit) are nutritionally superior to complex carbohydrates (peas and beans).
false
Sugar can contribute to dental caries, an elevated level of fat in your blood, and an increase of the "good" HDL cholesterol.
false
The best overall strategy for overweight and obese persons to lose and maintain ideal body weight is to experiment with sugar substitutes because some have an aftertaste.
false
The daily recommended amount of sugar varies according to body weight.
false
The only foods which contain dietary fiber are animal foods.
false
Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds are excellent sources of fiber and fat.
false
Adequate consumption of ________ has been shown to help lower your risk of developing constipation, obesity, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus.
fiber
Adults should consume 21 to 38 grams of ________ daily.
fiber
Excessive consumption of ________ may lead to diarrhea.
fiber
Increased intake of ________ should be made gradually and with more fluids.
fiber
Persons who eat 18-30 grams of ________ are less likely to suffer from constipation, diverticulosis, heart disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers, compared to those who eat minimal amounts.
fiber
________ been shown to help lower the risk of developing constipation, diverticulosis, obesity, heart disease, and cancer.
fiber
Your pancreas releases ________ when the body needs to direct the release of glucose from the stored glycogen in your liver to help raise your blood glucose level.
glucagon
Mr. Valdez gave blood recently and discovered that his blood cholesterol is too high. He is therefore at higher risk of
heart disease
A high blood cholesterol level can ________ the risk of heart disease.
increase
When blood glucose levels are high, ________ is produced in the pancreas to bring glucose levels back to normal.
insulin
Gums and candies that contain sugar alcohols
may contain calories.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are
monosaccharides.
Individuals who have diagnosed with diabetes need to have
more high-fiber, low-fat foods.
Risk factors such as: being 45 years of age and older; being non-White; having developed diabetes during a pregnancy; or having given birth to a baby weighing nine pounds or more; and being physically active fewer than three times a week increase the risk of
prediabetes
The medical condition whereby an individual's blood glucose levels are chronically elevated but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes is called
prediabetes
According to the FDA, sugar substitutes are
safe for human consumption.
Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth with the help of the enzyme amylase, which is in the
saliva
Polyols, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, rebaudioside A, tagalose, neotame, monk fruit, and advantame are
sugar subsitutes
Substances that do not promote dental caries and can benefit those with diabetes who are trying to stabilize their blood glucose are called
sugar subsitutes
The ________ daily carbohydrate servings from the grain group (6 servings), vegetable group (3 servings), fruit group (2 servings), and dairy group (3 servings).
the minimum
Although consumption of sugar substitutes has increased,
the number of overweight Americans has also increased.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and ends with the absorption of the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose in the small intestine.
true
Carbohydrates which have branches (peas and beans) are easier to digest than those which are straight chains of glucose (fruit).
true
Diabetes is a medical condition whereby an individual either doesn't have enough insulin or is resistant to the insulin available, causing the blood glucose level to rise; and insulin resistance is the inability of cells to respond to insulin.
true
Foods with added sugars may displace more nutritious foods and quickly add excess calories to your diet.
true
Foods with naturally occurring sugars, such as whole fruit, tend to provide more nutrition than empty-calorie sweets such as candy.
true
Glucose is a monosaccharide; while maltose, sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.
true
Glucose is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature.
true
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells.
true
Individuals can lower their blood cholesterol by eating more viscous soluble fibers like pectin which is found in many fruits and vegetables, and more beta glucans which is found in oats and barley.
true
John donated blood and discovered that his blood cholesterol is high. He therefore needs to eat more oats and barley which are high in beta glucans.
true
Juan has been diagnosed with prediabetes. He is less likely to develop type 2 diabetes if he decides to lose weight, exercise 2.5 hours a week, eat a plant-based, heart-healthy diet, and meet with a health professional for ongoing support is less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than someone who does not adopt any of these behaviors.
true
The American Heart Association has recommended that women consume no more than 100 calories (6 teaspoons) of added sugars daily and that men consume no more than 150 calories (9 teaspoons) of added sugars daily.
true
The amount of recommended daily sugar intake varies according to the individual's recommended number of calories.
true
The carbohydrates in peas and beans are harder to digest than those in potatoes, rice, bread, pasta, and cereals.
true
The higher a person's intake of added sugars from soda, fruit drinks, sweetened coffee and tea, and sports drinks, the higher are their chances of developing type 2 diabetes.
true
The lower the consumption of added sugars, the better.
true
Viscous fiber has thickening properties and moves slowly through the digestive tract, but fermentable fiber is digested by intestinal bacteria.
true
Viscous soluble fibers include pectin, found in many fruits and vegetables, and beta glucans, found in oats and barley are heart-healthy.
true
White whole wheat bread is as nutritious was dark whole-wheat bread.
true
Whole grains, whole fruits and vegetables, and legumes are the best food sources of simple carbohydrates and starch.
true
You should consume 14 milligrams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.
true
Shedding some excess weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced, high-fiber, healthy diet that is lower in added sugars may be the best strategy to lower the risk of developing
type 2 diabetes
Mr. Martin has been diagnosed with diabetes for six months. He drinks regular soda for lunch and dinner on most days, and he eats cake for dessert at most meals. He does not like to take medication. If he doesn't take control of his diabetes, what could happen to him? He could develop
vision problems
Many persons who have been diagnosed type 2 diabetes
would benefit from individualized instruction regarding weight management, diet, and lifestyle changes.
The most common form of diabetes is
Type 2
