15-Changing Attitudes and beliefs- How did new ideas about race and the works of Montaigne and Shakespeare reflect the encounter with new peoples and places

1444 First shipment of African Slaves into Lisbon Observer does what? What about the early 17th century beliefs?

1444 Observer defended first African slaves because this was necessary for their salvation Early 17th century, they are better off as bararians

Africans groups into despised categories

Africans groups into despised categories Pagan heathens Muslim Infidels Jews were aslo an alien group

After 1700, what was used to define race

After 1700, Science used to define race Race is biologically distinct groups whose physical differences produced differences in culture, character, and intelligence

Cultural relativism

Cultural relativism One culture is no neccessarily superior over another, just different

________________________________used to designate English __________________________________________

Elizabethan and Jacobean used to designate the English music, poetry, prose, and drama of this period

Europeans at home and in colonies thought waht about people who were black

Europeans at home and in colonies thought that god gave people black skin in order to make them destined to become slaves

His essay "Of Cannibals"

His essay "Of Cannibals" Impact of oversea discovery on European consciousness He rejected the notion that one culture was superior to another Challenged ideas of European superiority and even superiority of Humans over animals His ideas spread and led to a basic shift in attitudes Inaugurated the era of doubt

HIs work reveals

His work reveals impact of new discoveries and contacts of his day

Info on Shakespeare Place of origin Education

Info on Shakespeare Born in Stratford on Avon England Appreciated classical culture, individualism, and humanism

Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra Comedies Richard III an d Henry IV Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth

Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra Deal with classical subjects and figures Comedies Italian renaissance settings Richard III an d Henry IV English national consciousness Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth Enormous range of human problems

Main Character in Othello is

Main character in Othello is vilified by racist terms and is depicted as a warrior that is brave Contrast view that blacks were inferior Play demonstrates intolerance and the possibility for some individuals to look beyond racial stereotypes

Michel de Montaigne

Michel de Montaigne Developed the new literary Genre, the Essay

Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity Catholics and Protestants began to

Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity Catholics and Protestants began to dought that any religion held the abosolute truth Discovery of new world with people of a completely different culture

New Ideas about race Before

New Ideas about race Before Africans were -savages due to eating habits, morals, clothing, customs -Barbarians due to language and methods of war

Noah's curse upon Canaan

Noah's curse upon Canaan Ham defied his father's ban on sexual relations on the ark Ham entered Noah's tent to see him unclothed Noah curse his son Canaan and all of his descendants to be the servant of servants People misinterpreted it and thought that all all people in the North African area were Canaan's descendants and used the story to justify slavery

Othello

Othello Moor of Venice is a description of main character He is thought to have been black, but only some people thought this Confusion in the meaning in play reflects uncertainty about racial and religious classifications

Peasant masses were

Peasant masses were lower form of humanity according to elites Compared them to animals Made fun of dark skin they got by being outside to work

Published Montaigne's Essays in 1580 what are they about

Published Montaigne's Essays in 1580 Personal reflections on Ancient texts Experience as a governmental official His moral judgement Written in French, the common language

Racial inequality

Racial inequality Africans became utterly distinct and inferior to Europeans They developed these ideas to safeguard the profits they made from plant ions run by slaves

Skepticism

Skepticism School of thought founded on doubt that total certainty or definitive knowledge is ever attainable

Support came from

Support came from Aristotle belief Some people naturally destined for slavery Connection between darkness and sin

The Tempest

The Tempest Shakespeare's last play Sorcerer Prospero and his daughter Miranda stranded on an island Raises Caliban, native of the land, instructs his own language and religion Caliban attempts to rape Miranda Prospero enslaves him and rages at him Caliban purposefully portaiyed as a dark skinned island native best suited for slavery Shakespeare may have intended to Criticize the racial intolerance of his era.

Transatlantic slave trade era, what ideas developed

Transatlantic slave trade era Developed ideas about Africans primitiveness and barbarity Justified slavery Brought light of Christianity to heathen peoples

William Shakespeare, what is he known for overall

William Shakespeare Originality of his characterizations Diversity of plots Understanding of human psychology Gift for language

William Shakespeare and HIs influence Remarkable ...

William Shakespeare and HIs influence Remarkable creativity in literary expression in Engalnd during rein of Elizabeth I and the first years of her successor, James I