18th & Early 19th Century Art in Europe & North America
The Copley Family
.., -John Singleton Copley -1776/1777 -Oil on canvas -Introduce his family -Three daughters look on, Copley's wife, Susanna, hugs their son -The imaginary setting acts as a dual allegory of the Copleys' civilized sophistication, represented by the elegant furnishings, and their natural simplicity, recalled by the Arcadian landscape
The Swing by Jean Honore Fragonard
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The Signboard of Gersaint by Antoine Watteau
..., -Antoine Watteau -1721 -Oil on canvas -Rococo -"Gersaint's Shopsign" -Painted as a shop sign for the marchand-mercier, or art dealer, Edme François Gersaint -Painting exaggerates the size of Gersaint's cramped boutique, hardly more than a permanent booth with a little backshop, on the medieval Pont Notre-Dame, in the heart of Paris, both creating and following fashion as he purveyed works of art and luxurious trifles to an aristocratic clientele
The Death of General Wolf
..., -Benjamin West -1770 -Neo-Classical -Oil on canvas -Depicting the death of British General James Wolfe during the 1759 Battle of Quebec of the Seven Years' War -depicts General Wolfe as a Christ-like figure. This painting has a triangular composition, made by the top of the flag (as the apex) and the positions of the men -It resembles Christian "Lamentation" scenes, where Christ is held in the embrace of the Virgin Mary -The depiction of the Native American warrior in the painting — kneeling with his chin on his fist, looking at General Wolfe — has been analyzed in various ways
The Doge's Palace and the Riva Degli Schiavoni by Canaletto
..., -Canaletto -Late 1730 -The buildings are (from left to right): the column of St Mark; the Doge's Palace; the Ponte della Paglia; the prisons; the uncompleted church of the Pietà (S. Maria della Visitazione) can be seen along the Riva degli Schiavoni Completion Date: 1725 Place of Creation: Venice, Italy Style: Baroque Genre: veduta Technique: oil Material: canvas
Portrait of Marie Antoinette
..., -Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun -1778-9 -Neoclassical -Vienna
Lansdowne Portrait of George Washington
..., -Gilbert Stuart -1796 -Oil on canvas -Represents not only Washington's likeness, but also the aesthetic and political trappings of the office of the presidency and of the New Republic
Napoleon at the Pass of St. Bernard
..., -Jacques-Louis David -1800-1801 -Oil on canvas -Portrait of authority -Napoleon is pictured astride a rearing Arabian stallion -In the background, largely obscured by rocks, French troops haul along a large canon and further down the line fly the tricolore (the national flag of France)
Voltaire Seated
..., -Jean Antoine Houdon -1780 -Plaster, with vestiges of paint and terracotta slip, with metal supports; on modern painted wood base
Bust of Washington
..., -Jean Antoine Houdon -Based on a life mask cast in 1786 -Marble statue
Church of the Vierzehnheiligen by Johann Balthasar Neumann
..., -Johann Balthasar Neumann -Elaborate shrine built over the spot where, in the 15th century, a shepherd had visions of the Christ Child surrounded by saints -The saints were Holy Helpers because they helped people in need -One of the Rococo churches still standing in Germany and Austria
The Coronation of Napoleon
..., Jacques-Louis David, 1805-1808, oil on canvas, Neoclassicism, Napoleon offered David position of First Painter to the Empire Pomp and pageantry of coronation in December 1804 Structured composition of Neoclassical - set on a stage-like setting Altered fact to please Napoleon and his audience Napoleon - "A picture is worth 1000 words"
The History of Ancient Art
..., Johann Joachim Winckelmann -1764 -Considered the father of the discipline of art history -Was one of the first books written in German to become a classic of European literature
A Rake's Progress
..., Sequence of 8 paintings, decline/fall of Rakewell, a rich heir- Early comics
Neoclassical Art
..., Severe and unemotional form of art harkening back to the grandeur of ancient Greece and Rome. Its rigidity was a reaction to the over bred Rococo style and the emotional charged Baroque style. Part of a general revival of interest in classical thought.
The Oath of Horatii
..., The Oath of the Horatii, 1786 Jacques-Louis David Oil on canvas; 51 1/4 x 65 7/16 in. (130.2 x 166.2 cm) Toledo Museum of Art. Commissioned by Louis XVI. emphasis on feminism. represented as neoclassicism. based on a grid. purchased by the king.
Madame de Pompadour
..., This mistress and friend of Louis XV was an important adviser to the king who enjoyed a great deal of informal political influence at court in the mid-1700s -- She became involved in military and foreign affairs, and patronized artists and writers (including Voltaire)
Return from Cythera
..., WATTEAU Rococo 1720 oil on canvas, -uses pastel colors -painter's guild new painting: fete galant. Extravagant, demonstrating aristocratic activities. -irony: Cythera was an island under no rule, ideal liberty, could have ben a criticism of French government. People having fun on island which is unrestrained and free
Mother of the Grachii
Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children, the Gracchi, as Her Treasures (1785). Oil on canvas, 3'4 inches x 4'2 inches.
Antoine Watteau
In his paintings, gentlemen and ladies in elegant dress reveal a world of upper-class pleasure and joy. Underneath that exterior, however, is an element of sadness as the artist suggests the fragility and passing nature of pleasure, love, and life., A Rococo painter who expressed the life of the nobles as refind, civilized, and reflective of upper-class pleasure and joy. However, the undertones of his paintings reflect sadness and the idea that pleasure, love, and life are fragile and transitory. Painted "Return from Cythera"
The Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump
..., -Joseph Wright Of Derby -1786 -English enlightenment -Oil on canvas -Depicting the Industrial Revolution and the scientific advances of the Enlightenment, but while his paintings were recognized as something out of the ordinary by his contemporaries, his provincial status and choice of subjects meant the style was never widely imitated -The painting depicts a natural philosopher, a forerunner of the modern scientist, recreating one of Robert Boyle's air pump experiments, in which a bird is deprived of air, before a varied group of onlookers -The group exhibits a variety of reactions, but for most of the audience scientific curiosity overcomes concern for the bird. The central figure looks out of the picture as if inviting the viewer's participation in the outcome
Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces
..., -Joshua Reynolds -1765 -Oil on canvas -Britain -Neo-Classicism -Enlightenment, King was madly in love with sarah bunbury, asks her to marry him and she refuses, holding disk made of gold. About to drop into vessel that has fire burning in it as a sacrafice. She is sacraficing to the Goddesses of beauty and charm to maintain her beauty.
The Apotheosis of Homer
..., -Josiah Wedgwood -1827 -Historical subject from the ancient world with stoic theme -The lines are crisp with muted colors
Charles Sackville and Duke of Dorset by Rosbalba Carriera
..., -Rosalba Carriera -1730 -Pastel on paper -Renaissance-Baroque
Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin
..., -apprentice for an adult artist when he was young -worked in the fontaine bleu pour gagner d'argent -premier peinture pour Louis XV -invented style that included animate and inanimate objects -artworks are in the louvre -member of l'academie royale de peinture -opposie style of rococco; verysimple -designed art that was the most important for the city
Virginia State Capitol
..., 1785-89, -1800 Richmond, VA by Thomas Jefferson -Fantasy-based search for antecedents in Roman republic rather than Roman empire. Much based on the rustic hut. It is a literal interpretation of a classical temple as an embodiment of republican ideals -First time a temple front was used as a model for civic institution. -Larger than predecessor, columns were unfluted ionic (as opposed to fluted corinthian), circular space in center (very different from predecessor) -"applied" Enlightenment concept where enlightenment is mapped onto open lanscape to impart monumentality. Neoclassicism is less ambiguous and associated with Romanticism
The Death of Marat
..., 1793, Jacques-Louis David, Neoclassical, death of radical journalist in bathtub during French Revolution, David : 1793 : Neoclassic : David wants viewer involved with drama : Oil on canvas .
Monticello
..., American Neoclassical Architecture, Thomas Jefferson's self-designed estate in Charlottesville, Virginia featured on the back of the nickel. This historic household, build from 1768-1784, illustrates Jefferson's greatness as an architect and the influence the Enlightenment had on his ideas and even his home. Continual renovations of Monticello maintained and added to the classical Palladianism of a temple-front façade, symmetry, and shapes.
Fete Galante Painting Style
..., Antoine Watteau specifically created the fête galante painting style as a compromise between two drives.[citation needed] On the one hand, most of his funding came from private individuals, rather than from the government. On the other hand, Watteau wanted recognition from the government-appointed Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Académie ranked scenes of everyday life and portraits, the paintings most desired by private patrons, as lower than morally educational paintings illustrating history and mythology. By portraying his patrons in scenes reminiscent of the mythologized land of Arcadia, where humans had supposedly lived in leisurely harmony with nature, Watteau was able to get his paintings the highest ranking at the Académie and still flatter his buyers. Fête galante paintings are an important part of the rococo period of art, which saw the focus of European arts move away from the hierarchical, standardized grandeur of the church and royal court and toward an appreciation for intimacy and personal pleasures. Nonetheless, the lush, outdoor settings of fête galante paintings were often mined from earlier paintings, especially from Venetian paintings of the 16th century and Dutch paintings of the 17th century. [edit]
Pauline Borghese as Venus
..., Antonio Canova, 1808, marble, Neoclassicism, Canova = Napoleon's favorite sculptor Napoleon's sister insisted on being depicted as Venus - Neoclassicism - recalling ancient mythology Sensuous pose and drapery recall Greek sculpture Hidden away from viewers due to Pauline's dubious behavior in Rome Increased notoriety of both artist and sitter
Cupid a Captive by Francois Boucher
..., Artist: Francois Boucher Artist's Lifespan: 1703-1770 Title: Cupid a Captive Date: 1754 Location of Origin: France Medium: Oil on canvas Original Size: 66 x 34 in Pyramid of infant and female flesh set off against a cool, leafy background.
The American Revolution
..., Conflict in America between central rule and local self-government revolving around "no taxation with representation." It started with the battles at Lexington and Concord., 1775-1783
Napoleon Bonaparte
..., General; Emperor of France; he seized power in a coup d'état in 1799; he led French armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled on the island of Elba
Salon De La Princesse
..., Germain Boffrand- sculpture by Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne. intimate and decentralized culture based in private homes. Strong architectural lines and panels of the earlier style softened into flexible curves. Light colors.
The French Revolution
..., In 1789, the French Revolution was where the French people rebelled against their King to overthrow him. Afterwards, a republic was started, where revolutionists began to controversially cut the heads off of nobles. The Republican party was formed because of the French Revolution, and brought much inspiration to the U.S. at first. However, this didn't last long, as Federalists became afraid of the possibility of such extremes that were shown in France.
The Grand Tour
..., In the 18th Century, a kind of education for British noblemen. A period of European travel that could last from a few months to eight years—and included studying, sightseeing, and shopping. Italy and France were mandatory stops, where the young men were expected to acquire an appreciation for ancient history, art, and manners. Wealthy Americans—and, later, middle-class Americans attempted to imitate The Grand Tour.
Rococo Style
style of eighteenth-century art and architecture that embraced lavish and lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light, -Characterized by pastel colors, gracefully delicate curving forms, fanciful figures, and a lighthearted mood (visually and physically). The essence of Rococo art is light. Extreme highlights are placed on the subject matter and the overall work is light in color, effect, and emotion. Artists paid special attention to fine detail. Form is characterized by delicacy of color, dynamic compositions, and atmospheric effects.
