1st aid medical emergencies
angina
chest pain related to heart attack
ensure airway breathing and circulation
A boy has been found after being lost overnight in a wilderness area. He is confused and shivering and has skin that is cool to the touch. What is your first priority of care?
diabetes
A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar
postictal state
A period following a seizure that lasts between 5 and 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.
activate EMS
Even though a person may feel better after a few minutes after a diabetic emergencies you should still ____
bite or sting
You are called to assist a coworker who is complaining of itchy skin dizziness and difficulty breathing. You should suspect:
heat stroke
Which one of the following is the most severe type of heat related emergency?
Altered mental status
Which one of the following is the one of the most common signs or symptoms of sudden illness?
hot water
___ relieves pain form jellies
medical emergency
a person who has epilepsy and has a generalized seizure it is not considered a _____
heat-related emergency
a person with an altered mental status exhaustion muscle cramps hot dry skin is most likely suffering from what condition
5
activate EMS if someone is having a seizure for more than ____ minutes
lie person down and apple cool towels or packs to arm pits neck and stomach
care for heat exhaustion
quickly cool person by pouring or spraying water, fan, apply ice packs to persons neck groin and armpits, cover with wet sheet
care for heat exhaustion
hyperventilation, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, exposure to poison, allergic reation
common causes of respiratory distress
chest pain
common symptom of a heart attack
induce vomiting, give water, milk, activated charcoal or syrup of ipecac
do not ____ when dealing with poisoning unless told to do so
wash with vinegar
for jelly stings:
immobilize limb and elevate
for snake bites:
diabetic coma
gradual onset, skin is flushed dry and war, fruity breath, severe thirst, frequent urination, altered mental status
tripod positon
hands on knees and shoulders held high (either sitting or standing)
asthma
hard to breath because inflamed bronchial tubes
cardiac arrest
heart stops pumping blood
medical emergency
hyperventilation caused by anxiety is not a ____
respiratory compromise
inability to breath adequately (one of the scariest emergencies that anyone can experience)
type 1
insulin dependent, juvenile onset, pancreas doesn't produce insulin, requires external insulin to allow sugar to pass from the blood to cells
emergency medication
insulin is not an
generalized seizure
loss of consciousness and uncontrolled muscle contractions
convulsions
muscle contractions appear as if sudden stiffening of the whole body
type 2
non insulin dependent, adult onset, body does not produce enough insulin or cells ignore it, associated with poor diet lack of exercise and being overweight
16-32
normal breathing rate for (per min) a child
12-24
normal breathing rate for (per min) an adult
24-48
normal breathing rate for (per min) an infant
not too shallow or deep
normal depth for breathe
hypothermia
overexposure to cold temperatures
ingestion, injections, absorption, inhalation
poison can enter the body through ____
excretion
poisons can enter the body in all of the following ways except: ingestion, excretion, absorption, inhalation
minimize the chance of person harming themselves, move objects, place something soft under head
priorities of care for a seizure
remove from cold environment slowly warm
priorities of care for cold related emergencies
give person something to eat or drink, taking small sips to prevent choking
priorities of care for diabetic emergency
ice
putting ___ on a bite or sting can slow venom absorption
heat exhaustion
same signs and symptoms of heat stroke minus the altered mental status. less severe
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
swelling of lips, eyelids, throat, tongue, extreme difficulty breathing, coughing/ wheezing, altered mental status, anxiety, hives/ itching and nausae
signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxus
altered mental state, pale moist skin, irritable, sweet or fruity smell on breath, unresponsivness
signs and symptoms of a diabetic medical emergency
sudden change in mental status, headache, vision problems, slurred speech, facial droop, paralysis of one side
signs and symptoms of a stroke
noticeable sting or bite mark, itching of the skin, difficulty breathing, altered mental status, hives, dizziness, nausea
signs and symptoms of bites and stings
cool skin temp, shivering, altered mental status, loss of coordination, decreasing motor and sensory functions
signs and symptoms of cold related emergencies
chest pain, pressure/ heaviness on chest, radiating pain, pale moist skin, sweating, shortness of breath
signs and symptoms of heart attack
altered mental status, hot moist or dry skin, weakness or exhaustion, muscle cramps, dizziness
signs and symptoms of heat stroke
altered mental status, convulsions, difficulty breathing, shallow respiration, burns around mouth
signs and symptoms of poisoning
labored breathing, increased breathing rate, noisy breathing, anxiety, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis
signs and symptoms of respiratory compromise
bronchioles
smaller airways
time sensitive
strokes are ____ ____
insulin shock
sudden onset, appears intoxicated, pale clammy skin, angry or confused, sudden hunger
asprin
taking an ____ can be life saving during a heart attack
cyanosis
the bluish color of skin caused by lack of oxygen to the tissue is called
insulin
the hormone released by pancreas and allows glucose to enter cells
hypocarbia (hypocapnia)
too little CO2 in blood
hypercarbia (hypercapnia)
too much CO2 in blood
hyperventilation
when a person breathes of and eliminates excess amount of carbon dioxide(hypercarbia)
clear airway, restrain
when a person is having a seizure do no ____, ____ (a person can not swallow their tongue)
brain attack (stroke)
when blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted caused by a rupture or a blockage. Can happen suddenly or a person may happen severe headache
heart attack
when blood flow to the heart muscle is interrupted enough to cause muscle damage
give them anything to eat or drink, re-warm if there is chance of refreezing, rub or massage, give alcohol
when dealing with cold related emergencies do not
heat stroke
when normal cooling mechanisms of the body are unable to keep the body cool. Body temp exceeds 105, life threatening
seizures
when normal electrical activity in the brain is interrupted it can cause
frostbite
when tissues of the skin become frozen
alveoli
where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place
insulin
which one of the following is a hormone required to ensure that cells can properly utilize sugar for energy?
open airway
which one of the following is your primary concern for a person with an altered mental status? Open airway, safe environment, complete medical history, adequate assessment