2 - Project Scope Management - Test
what does Scope Management involve
- collecting the stakeholders' requirements - planning the scope of the project - understanding and documenting the scope - breaking the scope down into manageable components
what are the key inputs in the WBS
Project scope statement(from define Scope) and Requirements Documentation(from Collect Requirements)
what process group is collect requirements
planning process
Control scope is important to
prevent unnecessary change request and understanding the underlying cause of change request
what are the key inputs to Collect requirements
project charter, stakeholder registry(involve the right stakeholders)
22. The preparation of the scope baseline can BEST be described as involving: A. The functional managers B. The project team C. All the stakeholders D. The project expediter
Answer B After the customer's input, the performing organizations project team is responsible for scope baseline preparation. The scope baseline indudes the WBS, WBS dictionary, and project scope statement.
what is the output in define scope
project scope statement(stand alone Document)- it is revisited throughout the life of the project
8. Decomposition occurs during: A. Define Scope B. Verify Scope C. Create WBS D. Control Scope
Answer C. Planning - Scope Management Decomposition is a tool and technique for Creating WBS. Decomposition involves breaking down the scope statement into more manageable components, ultimately arriving at work packages.
validate scope checks for
completeness (ensures that the product,service, or result of the project matches the documented scope)
what is a Work Package
the lowest level node of the WBS - represent a complete list of all work to be done on the project, including project management. Small enough so the maybe estimated for time and cost
What are parts of the scope baseline?
wbs, wbs dictionary and project scope statement.
Control Scope should be invoked whenever there are differences(variances) between the
work results and the documented scope
Requirements Traceability Matrix
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them.
What are the tools and techniques used in Control Scope?
Variance Analysis
Work Breakdown Structure Component
An entry in the WBS that can be at any level.
What is Delphi Technique?
A request for information to sent to experts who participate anonymously. Their responses are compiled and results are sent back to the expert for further review until they reach an agreement.
Decomposition
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
what is the key output of Validate Scope
Accepted Deliverables - deliverables may be accepted often during the life of a project
26. Verify Scope is closely related to: A. Perform Quality Control B. Sequence Activities C. Perform Quality Assurance D. Time Management
Answer A Perform Quality Control checks for correctness, and Verify Scope checks for acceptance.
17. The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase? A. Verify Scope B. Control Quality C. Create Performance Reports D. Control Costs
Answer A The Verify Scope process deals with acceptance by the customer. Without this acceptance, you will not be able to move into the next project phase.
You can determine whether requirements have been met by using ___________ A. Quality Audits B. Inspection C. WBS D. Scope Statement
Answer B Choice A is not correct because quality audits do not test completeness of requirements. Quality audits test to see if the quality processes and procedures are being properly followed. Choice C is not correct - the WBS breaks the project into manageable components and cannot determine whether requirements have been met. Choice D is incorrect because scope statement defines project scope description and product acceptance criteria. Choice B is correct because the question is describing the Verify Scope process - which is when you would use the Inspection tool and technique.
What is the output of Define Scope?
The project scope statement
WBS Dictionary
A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the WBS. The WBS dictionary is a document that supports the WBS.
What are some of the tools and techniques to collect requirements?
Brainstorming Nominal Group Technique Multi- criteria decision analysis Mind maps Affinity Diagrams Questionnaire and Surveys Observation Benchmarking Delphi Technique
2 types of Alternatives generation
Brainstorming and lateral thinking A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.
What is the criteria for the WBS to be broken down until work packages?
Can be realistically and confidentially estimated Can be completed quickly Can be completed with out interruption May be outsource or contracted out
What is the output to Control Scope
Change Request Work Performance Information Updates to project documents
what are the key outputs of control scope
Change Request, Work Performance Information( the measured and analyzed difference between planned and actual; used as an input in Monitor and Control Project Work process)
What is the first thing that is done after a project charter is approved?
Confirm all stakeholders have input into scope.
What is the closing sequence for a Project/Phase?
Control Quality Scope Validation Close Procurement Other things Lessons Learned
Scope Baseline is the output of what process?
Create WBS
What is an Affinity Diagram?
Data gathering technique which gathers ideas and groups them by similarities. Each group is given a title.
What are the techniques to create the WBS?
Decompositions and Expert Judgement?
What is the WBS dictionary ?
Detailed content of the components in WBS, work packages, and control accounts.
What are some of the the benefit of WBS?
Gets Team buy in and builds the team, helps identify risks, helps prevent work form slipping through the cracks, facilitates team communication and cooperation between and among the team members and other stakeholders.
What are Data Collection Techniques
Interviews, Focus Groups, Facilitated Workshops, brainstorming, muli- criteria decision analysis, context diagrams, and delphi technique
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
Scope Management
Is the process of defining what work is required and then making sure all of the work--and only that work--is done.
What is the Define Scope Process?
It defines what is and what is not in the project and its deliverables.
How does the requirements traceability matrix help the project?
It traces the requirements back to the objectives and or other requirements to ensure the strategic goals are accomplished.
In what Project Management Process is Validate Scope found?
Monitor and Control
What project management process group is Control Scope part of?
Monitor and Control
What does Control Scope Process do?
Monitor the status of the project and product scope and manages changes to the scope baseline
what are the key inputs to plan scope management
PM Plan(unfinished), Project Charter
what are the key inputs for control scope
PM Plan, Work Performance Data(Raw Data on all actual aspects of the project work - lower level of detail)
What is Validate Scope?
Process of formalizing acceptance of completed project deliverables.
What is part of the project scope statement?
Product scope project scope deliverables acceptance criteria out of scope items assumptions and constraints
What are the inputs for Identify Stakeholders process?
Project Charter Enterprise Environmental Factor Procurement Document
What are inputs to Control Scope?
Project Management Plan Requirements Document Requirements Traceability Matrix Work Performance Data
How are control accounts used in WBS?
Provides a way to manage and control cost, schedule, and scope at a higher level than work packages.
What is needed to create the WBS?
Requirements document, project scope statement,organizational process assets, organizational process assets, scope management plan, enterprise environment factors.
What is the most valuable result of creating WBS?
Team Buy in.
What is the difference between Project Charter and Project Scope Statement?
The Project scope includes the project deliverables and user acceptance criteria.
Scope Baseline
The Scope Baseline is the approved version of The Project Scope Statement, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and the WBS Dictionary. It can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
Validation
The assurance that a product, service or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers. Contrast with verification.
Competing Requirements should comply with the following criteria?
The business case The project charter The project scope statement The project constraints
Verification
The evaluation of whether or not a product, service or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process. Contrast with validation.
Product Scope
The features and functions that characterize a product, service or result. The description is just the documented narrative.
Progressive Elaboration
The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.
What is the requirements management plan?
The plan describes how requirements will be analyzed, prioritized, documented, managed and tracked.
Plan Scope Management
The process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project scope( what is or is not part of the project) will be defined, validated, and controlled.
Collect Requirements
The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.
Define Scope
The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
Validate Scope
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
Control Scope
The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.
Create WBS
The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.
The Project Scope Statement
The project scope statement includes the description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints.
Work Package
The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.
Project Scope
The work performed to deliver a product, service or result with the specified features and functions.
What is the difference between Validate Scope and Quality Control?
Validate Scope looks for completeness while Control Quality is concerned with correctness.
what is the key tool for control scope
Variance Analysis - Variance is the difference between planned and actual - Analyzing the root cause of why a variance exists is important - Measuring the size and severity of the variance determines if action is required(Change Request)
What do you do with WBS once you create it?
WBS can be used when ever the project needs to be reevaluated.
What is WBS?
Work Break Down Structure, it is a graphical picture of the hierarchy of the project. It identifies all the deliverables to be completed.
What are the outputs of Control Scope?
Work Performance Information Change Request
What are the items in the lowest level called?
Work packages
At what level is project time and cost estimated at?
Work packages or Activity level
What is the output of Validate Scope?
Work performance information Accepted Deliverables Change Requests Project Document Updates
a node on the WBS where the scope cannot be decomposed into work packages at this point in time is
a "Place Holder" - may be decomposed later using " Rolling Wave Planning"
what is the WBS Dictionary
a companion document to the WBS - to provide a place for supplemental info about each node on the WBS, such as person to work is assigned, estimates for time and cost , and notes
What are some requirement categories
business requirements, stakeholder requirements, solutions requirements(functional and non functional), transition requirements, project requirements, quality requirements and technical requirements
what is contained in the project scope statement
project goals, project requirements, Constraints & Assumptions, Risks, Product Description, Project Acceptance Criteria, Cost Estimate
what are the key inputs in define scope
requirement documentation
what are the key outputs for Collect Requirements
requirements documentation, requirement traceability matrix
what planning areas will tie back to the work of Plan Scope management
schedule, resources, budget, quality, and risk
what is the "Hub" of the project
the WBS (work breakdown structure)- makes the project manageable. the "HUB" for project requirements, activity schedule, resource requirements, project budget, performance reporting, project scope, customer needs
16. Which of the following BEST describes the elements of a WBS Dictionary entry? A. The definition of the work package including it Net Present Value (NPV) B. Work Package ID and Name, Statement of Work, Required Resources, and Monte Carlo Analysis C. Work Package ID and Name, Statement of Work, Risk Register, Earned Value Calculation, Scheduled Complete Date, and Cost. D. Work package ID and Name, Statement of Work, Responsible Organization, Schedule Milestones, Quality Requirements, Code of Account Identifier, Required Resources, Cost Estimate.
Answer :D Planning - Scope Management Answer D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C all have things that are not used in the WBS including the Net Present Value, Monte Carlo Analysis and Earned Value Calculation.
19. As a project manager, you have identified the deliverables and details about what is included and excluded on your project. Where would you document this? A. In the scope statement, which is an input to the Create WBS process. B. In the scope statement, which is an input to the Collect Requirements process. C. In the WBS, which is an output of the Requirement management plan process D. In the WBS, which is a tool and technique of the Define Scope process.
Answer: A Planning - Scope Management The scope statement contains a exhaustive list of the project deliverables and details about what is included and excluded on your project. The scope statements in an output of Define Scope and is an input to Create WBS.
what is the tools in the Create WBS
Decomposition -breaking down the scope into progressively smaller and more manageable pieces. in this process ends when the scope if broken down into "Work Packages"
who performs validate scope
PM, Sponsor, Customer, and other key stakeholders
what the key outputs for plan scope management
Scope Management Plan, and Requirements Management Plan
what is the key output of create WBS
Scope baseline - includes project scope statement, WBS and the WBS Dictionary
Which of the following sequences is in the proper order: A: Define scope, estimate activity duration, estimate resources, determine budget B: Collect requirements, develop human resource plan, estimate activity duration, sequence activities C. Collect requirements, define scope, determine budget, sequence activities D. Collect requirements, define scope, create WBS, define activities, sequence activities
The correct order is D - Collect Requirements, Define Scope, Create WBS, Define Activities, Sequence Activities
what are the focal inputs in Validate Scope
Verified Deliverables, Project Management Plan, Requirements Documentation
what is the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
a graphical, hierarchical chart, representing all of the work to be performed on the project
what is the requirements documentations
a simple document that describes what needs to be performed and why each requirement is important on the project - should include a description of: - root business problem being solved - origin of requirement - how the requirement solves the problem - measures and targets - constraints -interaction with other requirements
what is requirements traceable matrix
a table diagram linking requirements to the source, tracking throughout the project life cycle. may include information such as - description, why it is a requirement, origin, version, priority, status, acceptance criteria, business value
validate scope is important because
acceptance represents a significant project milestone
what is the most important element of define scope
creation of the project scope statement( a narrative and detailed description of the requirements and work needed to successfully complete the project))
plan scope management is iteratively performed with
develop project management plan
what are the key tools in Collect Requirements
1) facilitated workshops - collect stakeholders and define the requirements 2) group creativity techniques - brain storming, nominal group technique, mind mapping, delphi technique, affinity diagrams 3) questionnaires and surveys
A project team member has asked you what project scope management is. Which of the following is a characteristic of project scope management. A. It defines the baseline for project acceptance. B. It defines the requirements for each project within the organization. C. It defines the processes to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully. D. It defines the functional managers assigned to the project.
Answer C Planning Scope Management Choice C is correct. Project scope management defines the processes to ensure that the project includes all of the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
8. A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced certified project management professional ("PMP"). The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the product and project scope are being progressively elaborated. The PMP-certified project manager mentions that the basic tools for project management, such as a work breakdown structure, can be used during project executing to assist the project manager. For which of the following can a work breakdown structure be used? A. Communicating with the customer B. Showing calendar dates for each work package C. Showing the functional managers for each team member D. Showing the business need for the project
Answer A A WBS does not show dates or responsibility assignments (choices Band C). Those are included on the bar chart and possibly in the communications management plan. The business need (choice D) is shown in the project charter. Never thought that a WBS could be shown to the customer? Made you think! Of course it could be used for that purpose. In this situation, the product and project scope are being fine tuned. It would save the project manager time to effectively manage progressive elaboration if the WBS was used to assist. The WBS helps ensure everyone understands the scope of the work.
4. During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages? A. WBS dictionary B. Activity list C. Project scope statement D. Scope management plan
Answer A Activity lists (choice B) may list the work package they relate to, but they do not contain detailed descriptions of the work packages. The project scope statement (choice C) defines the project scope, but it does not describe the work a team member is assigned. The scope management plan (choice D) describes how scope will be planned, managed, and controlled. It does not include a description of each work package. The WBS dictionary defines each element in the WBS. Therefore, descriptions of the work packages are in the WBS dictionary.
12. You have just joined the project management office after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the need to create and utilize WBSs. Some of the project managers are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work". Which of the following would be the BEST thing you could tell the project managers to convince them to use WBSs? A. Tell them it will prevent work from slipping through the cracks B. Tell them that it is not needed C. Tell them it is required only if the project involves contracts D. Tell them it is the only way to identify risks
Answer A Choice C is not generally true. Every project must have a WBS. Risks can be identified using various methods. Therefore, choice D is an incorrect statement and not the best answer. Choice A, preventing work from being forgotten (slipping through the cracks) is ONE of the reasons the tool is used.
27. Which of the following can create the MOST misinterpretation in the project scope statement? A. Imprecise language B. Poor pattern, structure, and chronological order C. Small variation in size of work packages or detail of work D. Too much detail
Answer A Much of the work on the project is dictated by the project scope statement. Any imprecision in such a key document will lead to differing interpretations.
Which of the following is not an input to Verify Scope A. Accepted Deliverables B. Project Management Plan C. Validated Deliverables D. Requirements Traceability Matrix
Answer A The inputs to Verify Scope process are project management plan, requirements documentation, requirements traceability matrix and validated deliverables. Accepted Deliverables is an OUTPUT of the Verify Scope process
23. Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process? A. Requirements traceability matrix B. Project scope statement C. Work breakdown structure D. Change requests
Answer A The project scope statement (choice B) is an output of the Define Scope process. The work breakdown structure (choice C) is an output of the Create WBS process. Change requests (choice D) are an output of the Verify Scope and Control Scope processes.
19. All of the following are parts of the scope baseline EXCEPT the: A. Scope management plan B. Project scope statement C. Work breakdown structure D. WBS dictionary
Answer A The scope management plan is not part of the scope baseline.
11. The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of -900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. Many of the resources have been released. The sponsor is about to call a meeting to obtain product verification when the customer notifies the project manager that they want to make a major change to the scope. The project manager should: A. Meet with the project team to determine if this change can be made B. Ask the customer for a description of the change C. Explain that the change cannot be made at this point in the process D. Inform management
Answer B Do not jump into the problem without thinking. The customer only notified the project manager that "they want to make a change," They did not describe the change. The project manager would need to understand the nature of the change and have time to evaluate the impact of the change before doing anything else. Of these choices, the first thing to do is to determine what the change is (choice B) and then meet with the team (choice A), but only if their input is required. The project manager should not just say no (choice C) until he knows more about the possible change. He also should not go to management (choice D) without more information.
With which of the following objectives are the techniques "Brainstorming and lateral thinking" used in the scope definition process? A. Create WBS B. Alternatives identification C. Expert judgement D. Stakeholder analysis
Answer B Monitoring & Controlling - Scope Management Alternatives identification is a technique used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of a project. Examples of this are brainstorming and lateral thinking.
All of the following are outputs of Control Scope Except? A. Change Requests B. Scope Changes C. Project document updates D. Work performance measurements
Answer B Monitoring & Controlling - Scope Management The outputs of the Control Scope process are work performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates.
20. One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do NEXT when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete? A. Ask the stakeholder if there are any more changes expected B. Complete integrated change control C. Make sure the impact of the change is understood by the stakeholder D. Find out the root cause of why the scope was not discovered during project planning
Answer B Notice that there are many things that the project manager could do listed in the choices. The question asks what is the BEST thing to do NEXT. Though they are great things to do, choices A, C, and D are not next. Management of the change is not complete when the Control Scope process is completed. It is important to look at the impact of the change on other parts of the project such as time and cost. Therefore, choice B is the best thing to do next, probably followed by C and then D and A.
7. In order to properly complete the Create WBS process, you would document the WBS dictionary in which of the following ways? A. Use the organizational breakdown structure and the WBS together and present this scope baseline to stakeholders. B. Record the code of account identifier, responsible organization and milestone schedule in the WBS dictionary for each component of the WBS. C. Elaborate the WBS to the point where the new machine specifications are clear and highly detailed. D. Record the approved change requests as one of the outputs of this process.
Answer B Planning - Scope Management The WBS dictionary should be documented with the code of account identifier, a description of the work, the responsible organization, and a milestone schedule for the WBS components.
13. A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when she is finished creating it. You might respond that it is not the picture that is the most valuable result of creating a WBS. It is: A. A bar chart B. Team buy-in C. Activities D. A list of risks
Answer B The WBS is an input to all of these choices. However, team buy-in (choice B) is a direct result of the WBS creation process, while the other choices use the WBS to assist in their completion. The best answer is choice B.
3. Which of the following is a KEY output of the Verify Scope process? A. A more complete scope management plan B. Customer acceptance of project deliverables C. Improved schedule estimates D. An improved project management information system
Answer B The output of the Verify Scope process is customer acceptance of project deliverables. The other choices all happen during project planning, well before the time that the Verify Scope process takes place.
5. During what part of the project management process is the project scope statement created? A. Initiating B. Planning C. Executing D. Monitoring and controlling
Answer B The project scope statement is an output of the Define Scope process, which occurs during project planning.
9. During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of: A. Change management process B. Scope management C. Quality analysis D. Scope decomposition
Answer B The team member is suggesting an enhancement that is outside the scope of the project charter. Scope management involves focusing on doing the work and only the work in the project management plan that meets the objectives of the project charter. The project manager is performing scope management.
16. A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is: A. Create a project scope statement B. Confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope C. Analyze project risk D. Begin work on a project management plan
Answer B This question can be tricky, especially if you have spent so much time studying that you have forgotten some good project management practices. A quick look at Rita's Process Chart in this book might draw you to conclude that the FIRST thing would be to start planning. Wouldn't it be smart to make sure what you have in the project charter is clear and complete before moving on? This is why choice B is the best choice.
18. You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your project stakeholders. After five-and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The MOST important process that could have prevented this situation is: A. Monitor and Control Risks B. Control Schedule C. Define Scope D. Control Scope
Answer C Choices A, B, and D are processes in the monitoring and controlling process group. This situation asks how to prevent the problem. This would have been done during the planning processes. The project deliverables are defined in the Define Scope process (choice C), which is a part of project planning. Good planning reduces the likelihood of a situation like the one described by induding the right people and spending adequate time in darifying the project scope.
The features and functions of a product or service are considered ____; and the work that must be done to deliver a product/service as the output of the project is considered ____. A: Project scope, Product Scope B. Requirements, Deliverables C. Product Scope; Project Scope D. Scope Management Plan, Project Management Plan
Answer C Correct answer is C. Product scope describes the features and functions of the product or service, were as project scope describes the work that must be done to deliver a product/service as the output of the project.
24. A scope change has been suggested by one of the stakeholders on the project. After careful consideration and a lot of arguing, the change control board has decided to reject the change. What should the project manager do? A. Support the stakeholder by asking the board for the reason for the rejection B. Suggest to the stakeholder that the next change they request will be approved C. Record the change request and its result D. Advise the change control board to make sure they create approval processes before the next change is proposed
Answer C One could do choice A, but there is no reason to think that the board's rejection would not contain an explanation already, since providing that information is commonly done. Suggesting a change process that circumvents the change control board's authority (choice B) is not ethical. There is no reason to think that approval processes are not already in place (choice D). A rejected change should be recorded for historical purposes, in case the idea is resurrected later, and for other reasons.
29. Which ofthe following BEST describes the Verify Scope process? A. It provides assurances that the deliverable meets the specifications, is an input to the project management plan, and is an output of Perform Quality Control B. It ensures that the deliverable is completed on time, ensures customer acceptance, and shows that the deliverable meets specifications C. It ensures customer acceptance, shows that the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light D. It is an output of Perform Quality Control, occurs before Define Scope, and ensures customer acceptance
Answer C Since the project management plan is completed before the Verify Scope process, choice A cannot be best. Since Verify Scope does not deal with time, but rather acceptance, choice B cannot be best. Since the Verify Scope process does not occur before the Define Scope process, choice D cannot be best. Only the statements in choice C are completely correct, making that the best answer.
30. Which of the following BEST describes product analysis? A. Working with the customer to determine the product description B. Mathematically analyzing the quality desired for the project C. Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement D. Determining if the quality standard on the project can be met
Answer C Since you need to have a product description before you can do product analysis, choice A cannot be best. Choice B is related to Plan Quality. Choice D is Perform Quality Assurance.
10. When should the Verify Scope process be done? A. At the end of the project B. At the beginning of the project C. At the end of each phase of the project D. During the planning processes
Answer C The Verify Scope process occurs during the monitoring and controlling process group, so choices A, B, and D cannot be correct. Verify Scope is done at the end of each phase (the end of design, implementation, etc.), making choice C the best answer.
14. To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does NOT describe how far to decompose the work? A. Until it has a meaningful conclusion B. Until it cannot be logically subdivided further C. Until it can be done by one person D. Until it can be realistically estimated
Answer C The lowest level of the WBS is a work package, which can be performed by more than one person.
1. A work breakdown structure numbering system allows the project staff to: A. Systematically estimate costs of work breakdown structure elements B. Provide project justification C. Identify the level at which individual elements are found D. Use it in project management software
Answer C The numbering system allows you to quickly identify the level in the work breakdown structure where the specific element is found. It also helps to locate the element in the WBS dictionary.
15. A project manager may use to make sure the team members clearly know what work is included in each of their work packages. A. The project scope statement B. The product scope C. A WBS dictionary D. A schedule
Answer C The project scope statement (choice A) describes work on a high-level basis. Work packages need to be specific to enable team members to co~plete their work with less gold plating. The product scope (choice B) would not tell team members what work is assigned to them. The team should have a copy of the schedule (choice D), but a schedule will not show them what work is included in each of their work packages. Work packages are described in the WBS dictionary (choice C). NOTE: Do not think of the WBS dictionary as a dictionary of terms.
As a project manager, you should follow which of the following in order to ensure clear boundaries for project completion: A. WBS B. Scope Verification C. Scope Statement D. Scope Control
Answer C The project team must complete a scope statement for developing a common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. Scope includes all of the components that make up the product or service of the project and the results the project intends to produce. Scope verification is the process of securing a formal acceptance of the project by stakeholders. The WBS divides the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components. Scope control is the process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.
25. A project manager's scope management efforts are being audited. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements on the project have been changing throughout the project. No matter what the project manager has tried to accomplish in managing the project, which of the following is he MOST likely to face in the future? A. Having to cut costs on the project and increase benefits B. Making sure the customer approved the project scope C. Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project D. Having to add resources to the project
Answer C There are many pieces of data in this question that are distracters from the real issue. Though it is common to have to cut costs (choice A) and add resources to a project (choice D), nothing in the question should lead you to think these will be required in this situation. Customers do not generally approve the project scope (what you are going to do to complete their requirements); instead, they approve the product scope (their requirements), so choice B cannot be best. Since the requirements are a measure of the completion of the product of the project (choice C), not having completed requirements makes such measurement impossible. This is why choice C is the best choice.
28. Which of the following is CORRECT in regard to the Control Scope process? A. Effective scope definition can lead to a more complete project scope statement B. The Control Scope process must be done before scope planning C. The Scope Control process must be integrated with other control processes D. Controlling the schedule is the most effective way of controlling scope
Answer C Though it is a correct statement, choice A cannot be the answer because it does not deal with control. Since scope planning occurs before the Control Scope process, choice B cannot be the answer. Since controlling the schedule is not the best way to control scope, choice D is not the best answer. The control processes do not act in isolation. A change to one will most likely affect the others. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.
14. When should details about the product of the project be given? A. Before anything else happens in the project B. Before the project plan is put under version control C. As soon as possible in the project planning D. Whenever the sponsor requires it
Answer: C Planning - Scope Management The more clarity you have about the details of the project's product, the better you will be at writing the overall plan. Do not leave the details for a later date if you can get them early in the planning process.
7. During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders. The BEST thing for the project manager to do is to: A. Let the sponsor know of the stakeholders' request B. Evaluate the impact of adding the scope C. Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added D. Add the work if there is time available in the project schedule
Answer C Based on the information presented, there is no reason to try to convince the sponsor to add the work (choices B and D). Though one could let the sponsor know (choice A) the best choice would be to say no. A better choice would be to find the root cause of the problem, but that choice is not listed here.
21. During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team members boss that the team member is not co operating. Which of the following is MOST likely the real problem? A. The project manager did not get buy-in from the manager for the resources on the project B. The project manager did not create an adequate reward system for team members to improve their cooperation C. The project manager should have had a meeting with the team member's boss the first time the team member caused trouble D. The project manager does not have work packages
Answer D Is this a hard question? The whole discussion of the team member and his actions is a distracter. The real problem is not that the team member is being uncooperative. He is asking a question that many team members want to ask in the real world. How can I tell you how things are going if I do not know what work I am being asked to do? The real problem is the lack of a WBS and work packages; otherwise the team member would not have to ask such a question. Choice A cannot be the answer because the project manager is not losing resources (what is implied by getting the manager's buy-in). Though a reward system (choice B) would help with cooperation, the real problem here is not cooperation. Choice C cannot be the answer because it does not solve the problem at hand (the team member not knowing what he is to do). It solves another problem. If you chose C, be very careful! You can get 10 to 20 questions wrong on the exam simply because you do not see the real problem!)
6. The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope: A. Remains the same B. Decreases C. Decreases then increases D. Increases
Answer D Not all questions will be difficult. The level of uncertainty in scope increases based on the scale of effort required to identify all the scope. For larger projects it is more difficult to "catch" everything.
What is a key element to consider when developing a WBS? A. Can the quality of work be evaluated by testing? B. Are WBS elements organized by phases as level one entries? C. How will element completion be determined? D. Can individual work assignments be managed from the reporting structure indicated by the WBS?
Answer D Planning - Scope Management Answer D is correct because it is a general factor to consider in periodic reviews of the WBS. The PM has discretion as to how to organize the entries (by deliverable, phase, etc )
2. The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __ communications. A. Team B. Project manager C. Customer D. Stakeholder
Answer D The term stakeholder encompasses all the other choices. In this case, it is the best answer since the WBS can be used (but does not need to be used) as a communications tool for all stakeholders to "see" what is included in the project.
12. The WBS element 1.7.A would be found at what level in the WBS? A. two B. three C. four D. cannot be determined
Answer: B Planning - Scope Management Level 1: 1 Level 2: 7 Level 3: A
20. Which of the following documents is used as the baseline for evaluating whether requests for changes or additional work are contained within or outside the project's boundaries and guiding the team through the Executing processes? A. Project Charter B. Project Scope Statement C. Project Requirements Documentation D. WBS Dictionary
Answer: B Planning - Scope Management The project scope statement defines the total scope of the project (what is in-scope and what is out of scope). According to the PMBOK Guide, it is used as a baseline for evaluating change requests and for guiding the project team's work through the Executing processes.
15. The process of creating a work breakdown structure most likely results in which of the following? A. A project schedule B. Team buy-in C. A project budget D. A list of indentified risks.
Answer: B. Planning - Scope Management WBS is a team building activity created by project, hence it is called is team-buy-in. You also know that creating the WBS does not result in a project schedule, a project budget, or a list of identified risks; those are all results of other PMBOK processes.
13. Which of the following is done during Verify scope? A. Verify product correctness B. Verify the WBS C. Inspection D. Performance measurement
Answer: C Monitoring & Controlling - Scope Management Verify scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. Inspection is a tool used for this purpose. Verifying the correctness of the product relates to quality control, while verify scope looks to see if requirements were met (via inspection).
18. You are project manager in a product manufacturing organization. As the project moves towards completion, different material composition is considered for the deliverable. The is an example of which of the following? A. Change request B. Alternatives identification C. Quality assurance D. Verify scope
Answer: C Planning - Scope Management Identifying alternatives is a technique used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project. Techniques such as brainstorming and lateral thinking are used.
17. Which od the following is a benefit of creating a work breakdown structure? A. It provides authority for the Project Manager B. It allows the project budget to be determined C. It helps attain buy-in from the team doing the work D. It allows the project completion date to be determined
Answer: C Planning - Scope Management The WBS helps get the buy-in from the people doing the work. If they aren't involved in the creation of the WBS, then it's not as easy to get the buy-in and the planning likely won't be as accurate as it could be when the people doing the work are involved.
validate scope is often performed after
Control Quality - although it is not unusual for them to be performed at the same time
what are the 6 processes in Scope Management knowledge area
plan scope management, collect requirements, define scope, create WBS, validate scope, and control scope
what process group is create WBS
planning process
what process group is define scope
planning process
what process group is plan scope management
planning process
Control Scope process prevents
scope change requests from overwhelming the project, and ensures proper handling of scope change request(processed thru perform integrated change control)
what is the scope management plan
defines how to perform the remaining five processes in the plan scope management knowledge area Becomes part of the Project Management Plan
what is the requirements management plan
defines how to: gather requirements, make decisions about requirements, handle change requirements, document requirements. Becomes part of the Project Management Plan
the collect requirements is significant in
detailing the success of the project and stakeholder expectations
when does the collect requirements process happen
early
plan scope management happens
early in the life of the project
when does the define scope happen
early in the project and started once the collect requirement is completed. may be revisited often throughout the project
what does the WBS contain
everything that is in the scope. If it isn't in the WBS, then it should not be delivered by the project
what are the tools for plan scope management
expert judgement , and meetings
what are the key tools in define scope
facilitated workshops, alternatives generation, product analysis - there is a common thread of the tools in that all of them analyzing the scope into more detail
where does stakeholder register come from
identify stakeholders and project charter
what is the Key tool in Validate Scope
inspection ( a point-by- point review of the scope and the project deliverables)
what is a baseline
it is the original plan plus all approved changes
what process group is control scope
monitoring and controlling process
what process group is validate scope
monitoring and controlling process
requirements and scope management have a significant impact
of the project success
