2 THE FUTURE

2 When I retire next year, I'm doing / going to do a lot of travelling around South America.

'm going to do

4 A: What do you want done with this box? B: If you just leave it there, I'll take/ I'm taking it upstairs when I go.

I'll take

I'm flying on 15th July at ten in the evening (already arranged)

I'm gooing to fly up there if it's not too expensive (the speaker intends to fly but has not made the arrangements yet)

go have make a She -- speech at the conference next week. b) I -- out there — it's pouring with rain and I haven't got an umbrella. c) We -- risotto for dinner. Is that okay with you?

IS MAKING, AM NOT GOING, ARE HAVING

By the middle of the week temperatures -- to 30°C.

WILL RISE

come do support a Justin's not feeling well, so he -- tonight after all. b Who -- (you) in the world cup final, France or Brazil? c A: What do you think Lola -- at the moment? 11: Oh, she'll still be in bed.

WON'T BE COMING, WILL YOU BE SUPPORTING, WILL BE DOING

will I'll be 27 on 23th January

a fact about the future

Future in the past ex: I was going to see an aunt in Seattle a couple of years ago, but I cancelled the trip bc she got ill ex2: I knew I would be feeling awful by the end of the flight

a number of forms can be used to talk about a past activity or event that was still in the future from the future from the point of view of the speaker

buy have need a A: What are you going to town for? B: I -- some new shoes. b k Jane's not looking very well. B: No, apparently, she -- a major operation. A: I've made a list of the things you -- for the field trip to Iceland. 8: Thanks, that's really helpful.

am going to BUY, is going to have, are going to NEED

I -- some friends over for dinner on Saturday. Do you want to join us?

am having

A: Do you want to come out for a meal tonight? B: I -- early tomorrow morning - my flight's at six - so I don't think I'll come, thanks. miss / will miss will have / am having is going to melt / is melting persuades / will persuade will be enjoying / enjoys will rise/ are to rise see / are going to see am starting out/ will start out

am starting out

A: What are you doing / do you do this evening? B: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'll Skype / I'm Skyping Lydia.

are you doing, I'll Skype

NO present continuous

for future events which are not controlled by people It's going to rain this afternoon

1 You'll freeze if you'll go / go out dressed like that. Put on a warm coat!

go out

3 Look at that stupid cyclist! He's going to cause / causes an accident.

going to cause

1 be to + infinitive

in news report

be to + infinitive in if-clauses

in order to ex: If she is to get a good grade in her project report, she needs to work on her statistics

1 shall instead of will with I or we (formal contexts)

in questions that ask about intentions

2 shall instead of will with I or we (formal contexts)

in statements about the future, although will is more usual

will or be going to If I don't go now, I'll be / I'm going to be late for my next lecture

in the main clause of an if-sentence with little difference in meaning when we say that sth is conditional on sth else

a: Adele will do / is doing a concert in Milan next month. B: Will / Shall I book some tickets?

is doing, shall

3 They reckon the Greenland ice sheet -- within a few years.

is going to melt

create launch leave a The computer firm Clarken -- 300 new jobs at its assembly plant just outside Dublin. b All mobile phones -- outside the examination room. c The government -- an enquiry next week into allegations of corruption in the civil service.

is to create, are to BE LEFT, is/ARE to launch

When Stefan is / will be 50, Sofia is to be / will be 18.

is, will be

A: The coach leaves Kiev at exactly 5.00 from the bus station. B: What if I -- it? A: You'll have to take the train.

miss

present continous: event intended or arranged

present simple event as part of an official schedule

I'm not sure when I'll be home tonight. Expect me when you -- me.

see

get, go, temperature All change, please — this train -- here. b What time -- (our plane) to Athens? c The cat runs away from me as soon as I -- near it.

terminates, does our plane get, go

future perfect continuous (will + have been + present participle)

to emphasise the duration of an activity in progress at a particular point in the future ex: My plane's been delayed. They will have been waiting for me at the airport for hours (an activity continuing to now)

future perfect (will + have + past participle)

to make a prediction about an action we expect to be completed by a particular time in the future ex: They'll have forgotten what I look like (an event that took place before now or before a particular point in the future)

will instead of be going to

to make a prediction based on evidence, but when we do, we usually include an adverb

present simple, or sometimes other present tenses ex: As soon as I book my tickets, I'll let you know - It'll be good to know I can contact them in case I have any problems - what if I don't like it?

to refer to the future in time clauses with a conjunction (after, as soon as, before, by the time, when, while, until) in conditional clauses with if, in case, provided and unless; and in clauses beginning with suppose, supposing and what if

future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous

to say what we believe or imagine to be true

either present simple or will

to talk about formal arrangements made by, for example, a university or company (present continuous in informal arrangements)

only am/is/are to + infinitive

to talk about future events that PEOPLE can control. The weather will still be warn in winter

future continuous (will + be + present participle)

to talk about sth predicted to happen at a particular time or over a particular period in the future. ex: Dad won't be using his car, so I'm sure it's ok to borrow it (an activity happening now or at a particular point in the future)

2 be to + infinitive

to talk aout formal plans, and rules or instructions

tend to avoid be going to go

use the present continuous (be going to) instead Then I'm going to Madrid

will, NOT be going to

when the main clause refers to offers, requests, promises and ability

negotiate watch work On April 1st next year I -- at the university for 25 years. b A: It's such a pity that Ella is away and can't watch the match with us. You know how much she loves tennis. B: I'm sure -- she it on TV in her hotel room. c The next statement from the trade union leaders is expected at ten o'clock tonight. By that time they -- with the employers for 36 hours.

will HAVE beEN working, will HAVE BEEN watching, WILL HAVE BEEN NEGOTIATING

A It's Lucia's first week away at university. I wonder how she's getting on? B: I'm sure she -- herself.

will be enjoying

Please note that next week's concert is commencing / will commence at 7.00, not 7.30 as advertised in the programme.

will commence

analyse have move a The bank predicts that by the end of next year, over 80% of its customers -- to online banking. b Natasha -- her exam results by now. I wonder how she's got on. c My research is going rather slowly at the moment, but I'm certain by the end of the year all of my data --

will have moved, will have had, will have BEEN analysed

4 A: Yoshi doesn't want to come on holiday with us, then. 8: He says that now, but I'm sure Hannah -- him to change his mind.

will persuade

will I'll meet you at the airport

willingness