20.3 bacterial diseases

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RNA viruses have shown an ability to evade antiviral drugs. How do you suppose this is possible, when viruses are not alive? How may the reproductive methods of viruses help the process?

Viruses reproduce quickly, so their genetic makeup can also change quickly. The DNA or RNA viruses must be translated by the host cell. This allows the opportunity for mutations to occur. Many RNA viruses are made inside one cell before bursting forth. This may exchange genetic information at that time, this allows them to evolve.

A person has a lower helper-T cell count. What viral disease does he or she most likely have?

aids

what are some human diseases caused by viruses?

aids, influenza, and the common cold

compound that can block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

antibiotic

shape; looks like a bandaid

bacillus

virus that infects bacteria

bacteriophage

why should meat be cooked until it is well-done?

because it raises the temperature of the meat to a point at which bacteria are killed

process in which a bacterium replicates its DNA and divides in half

binary fission

How are the causes of tuberculosis and diphtheria similar? How are they different?

both are caused by bacteria. bacteria that cause tuberculosis break down tissue, whereas the bacteria that cause diphtheria release toxins

Describe the similarities and differences antibiotics and disinfectants

both kill bacteria. Antibiotics are compounds that kill bacteria. Disinfectants are chemical solutions that kill bacteria on surfaces

a protein coat surrounding a virus is a

capsid

one way bacteria can cause disease is by breaking down and damaging blank of the infected organism

cells

A person has a blister-like lesions on the skin. what viral disease does he or she have?

chicken pox

shape; circle

coccus

What are antibiotics?

compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

some bacteria exchange genetic material through the process of

conjugation

using bleach to clean a countertop

disinfectant

SARS, MRSA, ebola and the bird flu are all examples of

emerging diseases

protective structure formed by a prokaryote when growth conditions are unfavorable

endospore

true or false: the widespread use of vaccines has led to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria

false; antibiotics

true or false: a noninfectious disease is an unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time

false; emerging

true or false: scrapie is most likely caused by pathogens known as viroids

false; prions

process in which viral DNA becomes part of a host cell's DNA

lysogenic infection

a blank is a disease-causing agent

pathogen

disease-causing microorganism

pathogen

washing hands

physical removal

misfolded protein that causes disease in animals

prion

organism consisting of one cell that lacks a nucleus

prokaryote

Bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA

prophage

viruses that have RNA as their genetic material are called

retroviruses

boiling soup

safe food processing

putting milk in the refrigerator

safe food storage

shape; swiggly line

spirillum

One way to control bacterial growth is by subjecting the bacteria to high temperatures during a process known as

sterilization

using boiling water to clean dishes

sterilization by heat

What organs do the bacteria that cause tuberculosis typically damage?

the lungs

how do antiviral medications work? Why don't they also kill host cells?

they attack specific viral enzymes. Hosts don't have these enzymes

bacteria can also cause disease by releasing blank that harm the body

toxins

true or false: pathogens are able to evolve over time

true

true or false: slight genetic changes would be needed for the bird flu virus to become infectious to humans

true

a blank is a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins that can prompt the body to produce . immunity to a disease

vaccine

preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins used to produce immunity

vaccine

a particle made of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

virus


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