20.3 bacterial diseases
RNA viruses have shown an ability to evade antiviral drugs. How do you suppose this is possible, when viruses are not alive? How may the reproductive methods of viruses help the process?
Viruses reproduce quickly, so their genetic makeup can also change quickly. The DNA or RNA viruses must be translated by the host cell. This allows the opportunity for mutations to occur. Many RNA viruses are made inside one cell before bursting forth. This may exchange genetic information at that time, this allows them to evolve.
A person has a lower helper-T cell count. What viral disease does he or she most likely have?
aids
what are some human diseases caused by viruses?
aids, influenza, and the common cold
compound that can block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibiotic
shape; looks like a bandaid
bacillus
virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
why should meat be cooked until it is well-done?
because it raises the temperature of the meat to a point at which bacteria are killed
process in which a bacterium replicates its DNA and divides in half
binary fission
How are the causes of tuberculosis and diphtheria similar? How are they different?
both are caused by bacteria. bacteria that cause tuberculosis break down tissue, whereas the bacteria that cause diphtheria release toxins
Describe the similarities and differences antibiotics and disinfectants
both kill bacteria. Antibiotics are compounds that kill bacteria. Disinfectants are chemical solutions that kill bacteria on surfaces
a protein coat surrounding a virus is a
capsid
one way bacteria can cause disease is by breaking down and damaging blank of the infected organism
cells
A person has a blister-like lesions on the skin. what viral disease does he or she have?
chicken pox
shape; circle
coccus
What are antibiotics?
compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
some bacteria exchange genetic material through the process of
conjugation
using bleach to clean a countertop
disinfectant
SARS, MRSA, ebola and the bird flu are all examples of
emerging diseases
protective structure formed by a prokaryote when growth conditions are unfavorable
endospore
true or false: the widespread use of vaccines has led to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria
false; antibiotics
true or false: a noninfectious disease is an unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time
false; emerging
true or false: scrapie is most likely caused by pathogens known as viroids
false; prions
process in which viral DNA becomes part of a host cell's DNA
lysogenic infection
a blank is a disease-causing agent
pathogen
disease-causing microorganism
pathogen
washing hands
physical removal
misfolded protein that causes disease in animals
prion
organism consisting of one cell that lacks a nucleus
prokaryote
Bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA
prophage
viruses that have RNA as their genetic material are called
retroviruses
boiling soup
safe food processing
putting milk in the refrigerator
safe food storage
shape; swiggly line
spirillum
One way to control bacterial growth is by subjecting the bacteria to high temperatures during a process known as
sterilization
using boiling water to clean dishes
sterilization by heat
What organs do the bacteria that cause tuberculosis typically damage?
the lungs
how do antiviral medications work? Why don't they also kill host cells?
they attack specific viral enzymes. Hosts don't have these enzymes
bacteria can also cause disease by releasing blank that harm the body
toxins
true or false: pathogens are able to evolve over time
true
true or false: slight genetic changes would be needed for the bird flu virus to become infectious to humans
true
a blank is a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins that can prompt the body to produce . immunity to a disease
vaccine
preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins used to produce immunity
vaccine
a particle made of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
virus