224 Chap 19 Multiple Choice Questions

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________. A) hepatic portal circulation B) pulmonary circulation C) coronary circulation D) cerebral circulation

A) hepatic portal circulation

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, do not primarily operate via ________. A) reflex arcs involving baroreceptors B) altering blood volume C) reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers D) chemoreceptors

B) altering blood volume

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign? A) cold, clammy skin B) increased heart rate C) rapid, thready pulse D) rapidly falling blood pressure

D) rapidly falling blood pressure

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension? A) 120/80 in a 30-year-old man B) 140/90 in a 70-year-old woman C) 170/96 in a 50-year-old man D) 110/60 in a 20-year-old woman

C) 170/96 in a 50-year-old man

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? A) cardiac output B) peripheral resistance C) emotional state D) blood volume

C) emotional state

The term blood islands refers to ________. A) embryonic masses of mesodermal cells that give rise to the endothelial lining of blood vessels B) the regions of the liver where nutrients are extracted from visceral blood C) areas of the vascular system where blood does not circulate D) the areas of the pancreas where insulin is produced

A) embryonic masses of mesodermal cells that give rise to the endothelial lining of blood vessels

Aldosterone will ________. A) promote an increase in blood pressure B) promote a decrease in blood volume C) result in a larger output of urine D) decrease sodium reabsorption

A) promote an increase in blood pressure

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer. A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) tunica adventitia

A) tunica intima

Normal blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________. A) 120/80 B) 90/55 C) 150/90 D) 130/80

B) 90/55

Which statement best describes arteries? A) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. B) All carry blood away from the heart. C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium

B) All carry blood away from the heart.

Continuous capillaries ________. A) have fenestrations to facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues B) are abundant in the skin and skeletal muscles C) have a thin layer of muscle tissue to autoregulate blood flow D) contain a layer of connective tissue to prevent protein leakage

B) are abundant in the skin and skeletal muscles

The hepatic portal vein ________. A) is actually an artery B) carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver C) carries oxygen-rich blood from the liver to the viscera D) carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava

B) carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver

Blood flow to the skin ________. A) is controlled mainly by decreasing pH B) increases when environmental temperature rises C) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze D) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells

B) increases when environmental temperature rises

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________. A) does not play a role B) is the same as capillary blood pressure C) generally forces fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries D) is completely canceled out by osmotic pressure

B) is the same as capillary blood pressure

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation? A) kidney B) lungs C) liver D) heart

B) lungs

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________. A) elastic arteries B) muscular arteries C) arterioles D) capillaries

B) muscular arteries

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation? A) superior vena cava, right atrium, and left ventricle B) right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium C) left ventricle, aorta, and inferior vena cava D) right atrium, aorta, and left ventricle

B) right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________. A) the only factor that influences resistance B) significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius C) significant because resistance is directly proportional to the blood vessel diameter D) insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary

B) significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________. A) sinuses B) sinusoids C) thoroughfare channels D) anastomoses

B) sinusoids

The pulse pressure is ________. A) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure D) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________. A) nervous control that operates via reflex arcs involving pressoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers B) the dural sinus reflex C) renal regulation via the renin-angiotensin system of vasoconstriction D) chemical controls such as atrial natriuretic peptide

B) the dural sinus reflex

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) basement membrane

B) tunica media

Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________. A) obesity B) stress C) arteriosclerosis D) smoking

C) arteriosclerosis

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? A) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. B) The skin will be cold and clammy. C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood. D) Blood flow to the kidneys increases.

C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

Select the correct statement about the movement of materials at the capillary level. A) Oxygen diffuses up its concentration gradient. B) Chemical waste products follow the same general path as oxygen. C) Carbon dioxide moves from its production site into the interstitial fluid. D) If the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels is relatively higher than that in the tissues, tissue edema will result.

C) Carbon dioxide moves from its production site into the interstitial fluid.

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________. A) muscular arteries B) elastic arteries C) arterioles D) venules

C) arterioles

Venous anastomoses ________. A) often occlude, causing death if located in a vital area B) connect veins together along their entire length C) form more freely than arterial anastomoses D) occur only in the brain

C) form more freely than arterial anastomoses

Which of the following has anastomosing vessels? A) retina B) kidney C) heart D) spleen

C) heart

Peripheral resistance ________. A) decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel B) increases as blood vessel diameter increases C) increases as blood viscosity increases D) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

C) increases as blood viscosity increases

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________. A) skin temperature B) ADH C) intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms D) the hypothalamicȱȈthermostatȈ

C) intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

Brain blood flow autoregulation ________. A) is less sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level B) causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels in response to a drop in systemic blood pressure C) is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist D) is controlled by cardiac centers in the pons

C) is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________. A) only that form of shock caused by large-scale loss of blood B) any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally C) shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea D) always fatal

C) shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? A) hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume B) cardiogenic, which results from any defect in blood vessels C) vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone D) circulatory, where blood volume is normal and constant

C) vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

Select the correct statement about blood flow. A) It is relatively constant through all body organs. B) It is measured in mm Hg. C) It is greatest where resistance is highest. D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output

D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery. B) Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas. C) Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure. D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

Which of the following is true about veins? A) Venous valves are formed from the tunica media. B) Up to 35% of total body blood is in venous circulation at any given time. C) Veins have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall. D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.

D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.

The term ductus venosus refers to ________. A) a fetal shunt that bypasses the lungs B) damage to the valves in the veins, leading to varicose veins C) a condition of the aged in which the arteries lose elasticity D) a special fetal vessel that allows blood to bypass the liver

D) a special fetal vessel that allows blood to bypass the liver

Fenestrated capillaries ________. A) are not more permeable than continuous capillaries B) are not common in endocrine organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important function C) do not occur in the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys D) are not found in the brain

D) are not found in the brain

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) basement membrane

D) basement membrane

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) capillaries

D) capillaries

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________. A) increased work of the left ventricle B) increased incidence of coronary artery disease C) increased damage to blood vessel endothelium D) decreased size of the heart muscle

D) decreased size of the heart muscle

The velocity of blood flow ________. A) is in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels B) is slower in the arteries than capillaries since they possess a relatively large diameter C) is slower in the veins than in the capillaries since veins have a large diameter D) is slowest in the capillaries since the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

D) is slowest in the capillaries since the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? A) ADH B) atrial natriuretic peptide C) angeiotensin II D) nitric acid

D) nitric acid

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________. A) left side of the head and neck B) myocardium of the heart C) left upper arm D) right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

D) right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate? A) activity B) postural changes C) emotions D) the vessel selected to palpate

D) the vessel selected to palpate

Factors that aid venous return include all except ________. A) activity of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes in the thorax C) venous valves D) urinary output

D) urinary output