242 Exam 2

Symptoms of influenzas include? A) Cough B) Abdominal pain C) nausea D) confusion

A

A patient had significant blood loss due to a surgery has a very low hemoglobin and red blood cell count. What other finding would be expected? 1 Bradycardia 2 Fever 3 Low blood oxygen 4 Low blood carbon dioxide

3

Q wave represents

MI

Which of the following are more likely to occur with ulcerative colitis than with Crohn's Disease? 1 Small volume diarrhea 2 Abdominal pain 3 Rectal bleeding 4 Vomiting

3

Buerger's disease

A condition in which the blood vessels, especially those supplying the legs become inflamed and thrombi can form here causing occlusion associated w/ smoking causes pain and tenderness in affected area

A student recalls the body has nonspecific defense mechanisms to protect against infection. Which is an example of this system? A) Saliva B) antigen C) lymphocytes D) T cells

A- first line of defense

•As an initial step in treating a client with angina, the physician prescribes nitroglycerin tablets, 0.3mg given sublingually. This drug's principal effects are produced by: •A. Antispasmodic effect on the pericardium B. Causing an increased myocardial oxygen demand C. Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature D. Improved conductivity in the myocardium

C

•Varicose veins can cause changes in what component of Virchow's triad? •A. Blood coagulability B. Vessel walls C. Blood flow D. Blood viscosity

C

An aneurysm

a sac-like widening or outpocketing of an artery.

Pt w/ ALL on chemo and has a platelet count of 10,000, what do you not want to do?

avoid injections because risk for bleeding; causes vessels to burst and bleed

•Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage? •A. Lactate dehydrogenase B. Complete blood count (CBC) C. Troponin I D. Creatine kinase (CK)

C

ST elevation indicates

myocardial injury

Hypertension is a BP of.... Primary HTN is.. Secondary HTN is..

over 120/80 most types-no known cause can identify a disease or tumor causing HTN

3 risk factors for DVT

-Venous stasis -Venous endothelial damage -Hypercoagulable states

You are caring for an individual who has ALL and just received chemo, what's the priority action for this pt?

-place in isolation

•Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the blood level of which substance increases? •1. Ammonia 2. Amylase 3. Calcium 4. Potassium

1

In which of the following infections would you be more likely to see an elevated neutrophil count? Select all that apply. 1 Clostridium difficile 2 Influenza 3 MRSA 4 Candida 5 COVID 19

1, 3

Clinical manifestations of decreased cardiac output include: Select all that apply 1 Delayed capillary refill 2 Bradycardia 3 Cyanosis 4 Hypertension 5 Decreased urinary output 6 Fatigue 7 Fever

1, 3, 5, 6

•Regina is a 46 y.o. woman with ulcerative colitis. You expect her stools to look like: •1. Watery and frothy. 2. Bloody and mucous. 3. Firm and well-formed. 4. Alternating constipation and diarrhea.

2

Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply. 1 Jugular vein distension 2 Tachypnea 3 Ascites 4 Crackles on auscultation 5 Peripheral edema 6 Fatigue 7 Decreased urine output 8 Dyspnea

2, 4, 8

Which manifestations are associated w/ dec/ cardiac output and both right and left HF? A) Crackles in lungs B) swelling of lower extremeties C) Fatique D) Confusion E) Hr 110/min F) Dyspnea at rest G) 2+ jugular vein distention H) 5 lb weight gain in last 2 days

C, D, E

•A 29 y.o. patient has an acute episode of ulcerative colitis. What diagnostic test confirms this diagnosis? •1. Barium Swallow. 2. Stool examination. 3. Gastric analysis. 4. Sigmoidoscopy.

4

•Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by: •1. Periodic rectal hemorrhage .2. Hypertension and tachycardia. 3. Vomiting and elevated temperature. 4. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.

4

Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually associated w: A) chronic gastritis B) thalassemia C) excessive blood loss D) inadequate dietary intake

A

Which medical diagnoses can be associated as a factor of inc. afterload? A) HTN B) Diabetes C) COPD D) MI

A

Which related to pain would support the presence of a gastric ulcer? A) Abdominal pain after eating B) Abdominal pain that dec. when she eats something C) Constant abdominal pain

A

Which type of anemia is associated w/ iron deficiency? A) Microcytic hypochromic B) Macrocytic normochromic C) normocytic normochromic

A

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children? A) ALL B) CLL C) AML D) CML

A

•A female patient who has just been diagnosed with hepatitis A asks, "How could I have gotten this disease?" What is the nurse's best response? •A. "You may have eaten contaminated restaurant food." B. "You could have gotten it by using I.V. drugs." C. "You must have received an infected blood transfusion." D. "You probably got it by engaging in unprotected sex."

A

•Mike, a 43-year old construction worker, has a history of hypertension. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, is nervous about the possibility of being unemployed, and has difficulty coping with stress. His current concern is calf pain during minimal exercise that decreased with rest. The nurse assesses Mike's symptoms as being associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The nursing diagnosis is probably: •A. Alteration in tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation B. Dysfunctional use of extremities related to muscle spasms C. Impaired mobility related to stress associated with pain D. Impairment in muscle use associated with pain on exertion.

A

•Which of the following symptoms should the nurse teach the client with unstable angina to report immediately to her physician? •A. A change in the pattern of her pain B. Pain during sex C. Pain during an argument with her husband D. Pain during or after an activity such as lawn mowing

A

•Which of the following terms describes the force against which the ventricle must expel blood? •A. Afterload B. Cardiac output C. Overload D. Preload

A

Polycythemia definition and people at risk?

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood -smoker -cancerous process -high altitudes

Which are common clinical manifestations of lymphomas? A) Fever B) swollem lymph nodes C) polycythemia D) Weight loss E) Confusion

A, B

•Which of the following factors can cause hepatitis C? Check all that apply •A. Contact with infected blood B. Blood transfusions with infected blood C. Eating contaminated shellfish D. Sexual contact with an infected person

A, B, D

Which of the following would be associated w/ GERD? A) Pain after eating B) Pain at night C) Age (48yrs) D) Epigastric pain E) Pain after eating a large meal F) Pain after eating a meal high in fat G) Chronic cough H) Occasional alcohol use I) Difficulty Swallowing J) BMI 34

A, B, D, E, G, I

Which of the following infections is transmitted via blood and body fluids? A) Hep C B) Hep A C) HIV D) Influenza E) Candida F) COVID 19

A, C

Pt diagnosed w/ end stage liver disease and your assessment reveals the following data. Which indicates he is suffering from portal hypertension? A) Acites B) Confusion C) Enlarged spleen D) Upper GI bleed E) Jaundice F) Edema

A, C, D, F

Which is true about Chron's disease? A) It occurs throughout the GI tract B) It occurs in the colon and rectum C) It can result in lower GI bleed D) It can result in upper GI bleed E) It can cause small volume diarrhea F) It can cause large volume diarrhea

A, C, D, F

Which in the pt's history would make them at a high risk for serious consequences of COVID? A) Obesity B) Asthma C) COPD D) Female gender E) Cardiovascular disease

A, C, E

Which of the following are clinical manifestations of anemia? A) Fatigue B) Abdominal distention C) Dyspnea D) Bradycardia E) Pallor

A, C, E

Which of the following in this pt's history could be associated w/ the development of HF? A) COPD B) Hypothyroidism C) HTN D) Osteoarthritis E) MI F) Vit D deficiency

A, C, E

Which of the following indicates a risk for gallbladder disease (cholelithiasis)? A) Age (48) B) History of occasional alcohol C) BMI 34 D) Previous smoker E) Female gender

A, C, E

Which of the follwing are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis? A) Physical inactivity B) Age C) Female gender D) Obesity E) Family history F) smoking G) Diabetes H) Hyperlipidemia

A, D, F, G, H

Polycythemia can be related to: A) dehydration B) iron deficiency C) malnutrition D) Obesity E) chronic lung disease

A, E

Which manifestations represent left sided HF? A) Crackles in lungs B) swelling of lower extremeties C) Fatique D) Confusion E) Hr 110/min F) Dyspnea at rest G) 2+ jugular vein distention H) 5 lb weight gain in last 2 days

A, F

The treatment for iron overload is... A) Vit C supplements B) Phlebotomy C) Aspirin D) Plasmapheresis

B -remove some blood

A student is explaining the process of hematopoiesis. Which one is correct? A) involves one stage, proliferation B) Occurs in the bone marrow after birth C) Occurs in the liver and spleen after birth D) Dec. response to hemolytic anemia

B

Which condition is most likely to have a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume deficit? •A. Appendicitis B. Pancreatitis C. Cholecystitis D. Gastric ulcer

B

Which hematologic dysfunction seen in children causes a change in the shape of the RBC resulting in dec O2 to tissues? A) Hemophilia B) Sickle cell disease C) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia D) Hemolytic disease of a newborn

B

Which is an early indicator of infection in a client who's immunosuppressant? A) persistent sore throat B) elevated temp C) elevated WBC D) elevated creatine

B

Which of the following is the FIRST priority in preventing infections when providing care for a pt? A) wearing gloves B) handwashing C) using a barrier between a clients furniture and a nurse's bag D) wearing goggles and gloves

B

Which of the following pts would be at highest risk for an opportunistic infection? A) pt who recently had an MI B) pt receiving chemo C) pt w/ COPD D) Pt w/ ulcerative colitis

B

Which of the following related to pain would support the presence of a duodenal ulcer? A) Abdominal pain after eating B) Abdominal pain that dec. when she eats something C) Constant abdominal pain

B

Which type of term describes the type of immunity that occurs when preformed antibodies transfer from donor to recipient? A) active B) passive C) cellular D) memory

B

With peripheral arterial insufficiency, leg pain during rest can be reduced by: •A. Elevating the limb above heart level B. Lowering the limb so it is dependent C. Massaging the limb after application of cold compresses D. Placing the limb in a plane horizontal to the body

B

•A 24-year old man seeks medical attention for complaints of claudication in the arch of the foot. A nurse also notes superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower leg. The nurse would next assess the client for: •A. Familial tendency toward peripheral vascular disease B. Smoking history C. Recent exposures to allergens D. History of insect bites

B

•A patient comes to the outpatient clinic and tells the nurse that he has had legs pains that began when he walks but cease when he stops walking. Which of the following conditions would the nurse assess for? •A. An acute obstruction in the vessels of the legs B. Peripheral vascular problems in both legs C. Diabetes D. Calcium deficiency

B

•The physician refers the client with unstable angina for a cardiac catheterization. The nurse explains to the client that this procedure is being used in this specific case to: •A. Open and dilate the blocked coronary arteries B. Assess the extent of arterial blockage C. Bypass obstructed vessels D. Assess the functional adequacy of the valves and heart muscle.

B

•When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow? •A. During inspiration B. During diastolic C. During expiration D. During systole

B

•When evaluating a male client for complications of acute pancreatitis, the nurse would observe for: •A. increased intracranial pressure. B. decreased urine output. C. bradycardia. D. hypertension

B

Your pt has had a COVID PCR test and he asks you what it looks for. The best response is: A) It looks for the antibodies of COVID B) It looks for the COVID antigen C) It looks for the COVID virus

C

painless lymphadenopathy is the most common manifestation of which disease? A) Hemophilia B) sickle cell disease C) hodgkin lymphoma D) acute lymphoblastic leukemia

C

Which is true about ulcerative colitis? A) It occurs throughout the GI tract B) It occurs in the colon and rectum C) It can result in lower GI bleed D) It can result in upper GI bleed E) It can cause small volume diarrhea F) It can cause large volume diarrhea

B, C, E

Which of the following infections would you expect to see an elevation of the neutrophils in WBCs? A) COVID 19 B) Clostridium Difficile C) Candida D) MRSA

B, D

Pt diagnosed w/ end stage liver disease and your assessment reveals the following data. Which indicates he is suffering from the consequences of the liver not metabolizing substances? A) Acites B) Confusion C) Enlarged spleen D) Upper GI bleed E) Jaundice F) Edema

B, E

Which are clinical manifestations specific to right sided HF? A) Crackles in lungs B) swelling of lower extremeties C) Fatique D) Confusion E) Hr 110/min F) Dyspnea at rest G) 2+ jugular vein distention H) 5 lb weight gain in last 2 days

B, G, H

What is an aggressive form of lymphoma that is often found in African children?

Burkitt lymphoma

The nurse is caring for a male client with cirrhosis. Which assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease? •A. Dyspnea and fatigue B. Ascites and orthopnea C. Purpura and petechiae D. Gynecomastia and testicular atrophy

C

Which of the following best describes a higher than normal WBC count? A) neutrophilia B) leukopenia C) leukocytosis D) Granulocytosis

C

Which of the following is a characteristic of megaloblastic anemia? A) small cell size B) dec. thickness C) presence of macrocytes D) caused by inc. folate

C

Which pt benefits from teaching regarding ingestion of red meat? A) CHS B) folate deficiency anemia C) iron deficiency anemia

C

Pt w/ HIV asks you about the 2 blood tests he gets and how to tell if they are getting better. You should say: A) If your viral load and t cell count go down that means you are getting better B) If your viral load and t cell count go up that means you're getting better C) If your viral load goes up and your t cell count goes down that means you're getting better D) If your viral load goes down and your t cell goes up that means you are getting better

D

Thrombocytopenia is commonly seen in pt w? A) multiple myeloma B) Hemolytic anemia C) Non-Hodgkin lymphomas D) Disseminated intravascular coagulation

D

Which are the most abundant cells of the blood responsible for tissue oxygenation? A) Platelets B) Leukocytes C) Neutrophils D) Erythrocytes

D

•A significant cause of venous thrombosis is: •A. Altered blood coagulation B. Stasis of blood C. Vessel wall injury D. All of the above

D

•Buerger's disease is characterized by all of the following except: •A. Arterial thrombosis formation and occlusion B. Lipid deposits in the arteries C. Redness or cyanosis in the limb when it is dependent D. Venous inflammation and occlusion

D

•Which of the following terms is used to describe the amount of stretch on the myocardium at the end of diastole? •A. Afterload B. Cardiac index C. Cardiac output D. Preload

D

Which medical diagnoses may be associate as a factor leading to inc. preload? A) HTN B) Diabetes C) Hypothyroidism D) COPD E) MI

D, E

Raynaud's phenomenon

Periodic ischemic attacks affecting the extremities of the body, especially the fingers; INTERMITTENT The affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful. These attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress. Manifestations: pallor, cyanosis, pain, cold

What do a lot of anemic pts develop in oral mucosa?

Fissures and cracks oral cavity stomatises

T wave corresponds with:

Heart at rest (repolarization)

pt from an auto accident has an inc. WBC of 20,000, what's happening?

Inflammatory process

Does lymphatic or myeloid impact majority of RBC the worst?

Myeloid

Which is more severe Hodgkin or non Hodgkin lymphoma?

Non hodgkin

Determinants of CO

Preload Afterload Contractility

P wave corresponds with:

depolarization of the atrium (contraction)

RS complex corresponds with:

depolarization of the ventricles (contraction)

Common assessment findings across all anemias includes:

fatigue pallor dyspnea tachycardia low BP

T wave inversion suggests:

ischemia

A pt is not a vegan but has pernicious anemia, why? Who's at risk?

lack intrinsic factor which normally absorbs B12 in GI -peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, ppl w/ poor diet like alcoholics, someone who had stomach surgery to lose weight