2465

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of a low grid ratio when compared to a high ratio grid? 1. It allows greater positioning latitude. 2. It has a greater selectivity 3. It is less efficient.

1 & 3 only

A change in mAS, as an exposure factor, affects: 1. beam intensity 2. the amount of photons reaching the IR 3. average beam energy

1 and 2 only

A grid usually is employed in which of the following circumstances? 1. When radiographing a large or dense body part 2. When using high kilovoltage 3. When a lower patient dose is required

1 and 2 only

An increase in kilovoltage will have which of the effects: 1. More scattered radiation will reach the IR 2. Exposure to the IR will increase 3. Radiographic contrast will increase

1 and 2 only

As focal spot size decreases: 1. Umbra is improved 2. Sharpness increases 3. Penumbra increases

1 and 2 only

Distortion can be caused by which of the following: 1. Tube angle 2. The position of the organ or structure within the body 3. The selection of a small focal spot

1 and 2 only

Distortion is: 1. magnification 2. elongation 3. penumbra

1 and 2 only

Factors affecting recorded detail include: 1. Focal spot size 2. Distance 3. kVp

1 and 2 only

Factors that affect the production of scatter radiation include: 1. kVp 2. volume of tissue 3. high ratio grid

1 and 2 only

Foreshortening of an anatomic structure means that: 1. Resolution decreases 2. It is projected on the IR shorter than actual size 3. Penumbra decreases

1 and 2 only

Grid cutoff throughout the entire image would result from the following: 1. off-level grid error 2. off-center grid error 3. off-focus grid error

1 and 2 only

Increasing which of the following factors will cause a decrease in IR exposure: 1. collimation 2. patient thickness 3. relative speed (RS)

1 and 2 only

Kilovoltage is the primary controlling factor of: 1. Beam quality 2. Radiographic subject contrast 3. IR exposure

1 and 2 only

Methods that help reduce the production of scattered radiation include using: 1. compression device 2. beam restriction 3. a high ratio grid

1 and 2 only

Milliamperage-second (mAs) directly affects which of the following: 1. x-ray output 2. beam intensity 3. beam penetrability

1 and 2 only

Resolution is improved when: 1. SID increases 2. OID decreases 3. Focal spot increases

1 and 2 only

Scattered photons will: 1. add exposure to the IR 2. not be considered part of the useful beam 3. improve image quality

1 and 2 only

System noise is different from quantum noise in that system noise: 1. can be filtered out 2. is inherent in the imaging system 3. is a function of mAs

1 and 2 only

The factors that HAVE A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP with x-ray quantity are: 1. mA 2. time (s) 3. filtration

1 and 2 only

The prime factor in the attenuation of the x-ray beam is: 1. Patient atomic number 2. Patient thickness 3. Grid efficiency

1 and 2 only

The volume of the irradiated tissue increases as: 1. field size increases 2. patient thickness increases 3. collimation increases

1 and 2 only

When using a portable radiographic grid with digital radiography: 1. the Moire effect is a consideration 2. higher frequency grids are desirable 3. radiographic grids are unnecessary

1 and 2 only

Which can negatively impact recorded detail: 1. Involuntary motion 2. Minimal SID 3. Small focal spot

1 and 2 only

Which of the following are used to measure resolution? 1. Line spread function 2. Line pairs per millimeter 3. K factor

1 and 2 only

Which of the following can occur when the tube is not aligned with the part and the IR is not parallel with the part? 1. Elongation 2. Magnification 3. Foreshortening

1 and 2 only

Which of the following will cause an increase in IR exposure? 1. increasing generator frequency 2. decreasing collimation 3. increasing filtration

1 and 2 only

Which of the following would be a result of a severely underexposed image? 1. Quantum noise 2. Decrease in contrast 3. System noise

1 and 2 only

A fluoroscopic examination that uses barium as a contrast material typically produce images with: 1. short scale contrast 2. wide dynamic range 3. high contrast

1 and 3 only

A radiograph that demonstrates minimal differences between exposures is called: 1. wide dynamic range 2. short scale contast 3. low contrast

1 and 3 only

An increase in which of the following factors will cause an increase in IR exposure: 1. kVp 2. SID 3. Field size

1 and 3 only

As focal spot size decreases: 1. umbra is improved 2. penumbra increases 3. resolution increases

1 and 3 only

As kVp increases: 1. scatter increases 2. contrast increases 3. IR exposure increases

1 and 3 only

As size distortion decreases: 1. Resolution increases 2. Magnification increases 3. Penumbra decreases

1 and 3 only

As spatial resolution increases: 1. spatial frequency increases 2. wavelength increases 3. penumbra decreases

1 and 3 only

Because of the "anode heel effect": 1. beam intensity is greater under the cathode 2. thicker patient anatomy should be placed under the anode end 3. has an impact on IR exposure if used incorrectly

1 and 3 only

If an increase in kilovoltage is accompanied by a reduction in mAs, to maintain the same exit dose the overall result will be: 1. a decrease in the amount of scatter produced 2. an increase in the exposure to the IR 3. an increase in the scale of contrast

1 and 3 only

Penumbra decreases as: 1. focal spot decreases 2. SID decreases 3. OID decreases

1 and 3 only

Slow intensifying screen combinations: 1. Increase resolution 2. Decrease patient dose 3. Decrease IR exposure

1 and 3 only

The IR exposure of the radiographic image is: 1. the response of photons striking the IR 2. the brightness of the image 3. affected by the quality of the beam

1 and 3 only

The amount of scatter radiation produced increases with a/an: 1. a larger field size 2. increase in beam restriction 3. decrease in atomic #

1 and 3 only

The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is: 1. a function of the monitor 2. a representation of exposure 3. controlled by window level

1 and 3 only

The factor(s) affecting x-ray beam quality are: 1. Kvp 2. mAs 3. filtration

1 and 3 only

The greatest factor(s) that is responsible for attenuation of the beam is: 1. patient tissue thickness 2. kVp 3. patient tissue density

1 and 3 only

What are the effects of scattered radiation on a radiographic image? 1. It produces fog 2. It increases contrast 3. It increases exposure

1 and 3 only

What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kVp? 1. Decrease in Compton interactions 2. Increase in scale of contrast 3. Increase in contrast

1 and 3 only

When choosing between two radiographic grids, the K factor is different. Choosing a grid with the higher K factor: 1. Short scale contrast 2. Low contrast 3. Decreased IR exposure

1 and 3 only

Which of the following factors is involved in the production of scattered radiation? 1. Kilovoltage level 2. Grid ratio 3. Size of field

1 and 3 only

Which of the following occurs when the part is not parallel to the IR? 1. Foreshortening 2. Elongation 3. magnification

1 and 3 only

Which of the following will occur with a decrease in collimation: 1. increase in field size 2. decrease in exposure 3. increase in scatter created

1 and 3 only

When more photons are absorbed photoelectrically, the resulting radiograph has: 1. less IR exposure 2. more IR exposure 3. wider dynamic range

1 only

Which factor(s) affects the average energy of photons reaching the IR? 1. kVp 2. distance 3. grid ratio

1 only

Which of the following contribute(s) to an increase in radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph? 1. High atomic number of tissue radiographed 2. Decreased thickness of tissue radiographed 3. Increased density (amt of material in given area) of tissue radiographed

1& 2 only

A change in kVp, as an exposure factor will change: 1. beam intensity 2. average beam energy 3. amount of scatter produced

1, 2 and 3

Changes in kilovoltage will change: 1. Quantity 2. Quality 3. Contrast

1, 2 and 3

Distortion is the misrepresentation of the ____ of an object? 1. Length 2. Size 3. Shape

1, 2 and 3

The shutters of a collimator: 1. reduce penumbra 2. reduce off focus radiation 3. regulate field size

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following is (are) associated with subject contrast? 1. Patient thickness 2. Tissue density 3. Kilovoltage

1, 2 and 3

Resolution is improved when: 1. OID decreases 2. SID increases 3. SOD decreases 4. Focal spot decreases

1, 2 and 4 only

Scale of contrast increases (longer) with: 1. increased scatter 2. decreased atomic number 3. decreased kVp 4. decreased collimation

1, 2 and 4 only

Recorded detail is: 1. Definition 2. The degree of geometric sharpness 3. The accuracy of the structural lines actually recorded in the radiographic image

1, 2, 3

Distortion is the misrepresentation of the ____ of an object. 1. shape 2. length 3. Size

1, 2, and 3

The prime factors include which of the following: 1. mAs 2. filtration 3. distance 4. kVp

1, 3 and 4 only

Which of the following may be used to reduce the effect of scattered radiation on a finished radiograph? 1. Grids 2. Collimators 3. Compression bands

1,2 & 3

A radiographic grid is employed: 1. to improve contrast 2. for part thickness above 10 cm. 3. for procedures above 60 kVp.

1,2 and 3

Large patients receive a greater exposure than small patients because their: 1. SOD is decreased 2. OID is increased 3. Entrance skin surface is closer to the source

1,2 and 3

Resolution is improved when: 1. SID increases 2. SOD increases 3. OID decreases

1,2 and 3

Slow screen (RS) systems: 1. Increase patient dose 2. Increase resolution 3. Decrease exposure

1,2 and 3

The 15% rule affects: 1. exposure 2. contrast 3. quality of the beam

1,2 and 3

The recorded detail of a radiographic image is visible because of: 1. sufficient IR exposure 2. sufficient differences in exposures 3. sufficient contrast

1,2 and 3

The recorded detail of a structure is dependent on: 1. the placement of the body in relationship to the IR 2. the size of the part 3. its position within the body

1,2 and 3

The use of a radiographic grid requires: 1. an awareness of the SID. 2. an increase in exposure factors to maintain exposure. 3. attention to central ray angulation.

1,2 and 3

When an x-ray beam passes through the body: 1. it will interact with the body and change direction 2. it will go through a photoelectric interaction 3. it will pass through the body unaffected.

1,2 and 3

Which of the following factors impact recorded detail? 1. Focal spot size 2. Subject motion 3. SOD

1,2 and 3

Which examination/s exhibit an inherently large OID? 1. PA lumbar spine 2. Lateral chest (viewing heart shadow) 3. PA chest (viewing heart shadow) 4. Lateral cervical spine

1,2 and 4 only

The volume of the irradiated tissue increases as: 1. collimation decreases 2. field size increases 3. patient thickness increases

1,2, and 3

All factors remaining constant, which of the following set of exposure conditions would yield an image with the GREATEST IR exposure: 100 mA @ ¾ sec, 40" SID 600 mA @ 105 ms, 40" SID 200 mA @ .30 sec, 40" SID 400 mA @ 100 ms, 40" SID

100 mA @ ¾ sec, 40" SID

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the least radiographic exposure? 100 mA, .05 s 200 mA, .04 s 400 mA, .05 s 600 mA, .03 s

100 mA, .05 s

If the lead strips of a grid are 6.0 mm high, 0.25 mm thick and are separated by 0.5 mm of aluminum, what is the grid ratio?

12:1

Increasing kVp from 85 to 98 is an example of:

15% rule

Which rule is used as a guide to maintain the same IR exposure when kVp changes?

15% rule

A method for reducing scatter radiation production is the:

15% rule of kVp

A satisfactory radiograph is produced using 8 mAs at 85 kVp without a grid. A second radiograph is requested using an 8:1 grid with a conversion factor of 4 at 98 kVp. What mAs is needed to maintain exposure on the second radiograph?

16 mAs

If a particular grid had lead strips 0.40 mm thick, 4.0 mm high, and interspace material of 0.25 mm, what is it's grid ratio?

16:1

Which grid would most effectively reduce scatter? 8:1 10:1 12:1 16:1

16:1

All of the following refer to patient factors contributing to image quality EXCEPT: 1. subject detail 2. subject penumbra 3. subject contrast

2

A radiograph that demonstrates considerable difference between IR exposures is called: 1. long scale contrast 2. narrow dynamic range 3. high contrast

2 and 3 only

A radiograph with few shades of gray exhibits: 1. Low contrast 2. High contrast 3. Narrow dynamic range

2 and 3 only

A radiographer can best reduce the amount of scatter radiation from reaching the IR by: 1. Decreasing collimation 2. Utilizing a grid 3. Increasing beam restriction

2 and 3 only

As grid ratio is decreased: 1. contrast increases 2. radiographic exposure increases 3. scale of contrast becomes longer

2 and 3 only

As the spatial frequency of object increases: 1. MTF increases 2. MTF decreases 3. Wavelength decreases

2 and 3 only

As volume of tissue increases: 1. IR exposure increases 2. Contrast decreases 3. Scatter increases

2 and 3 only

Changes in milliamperage-seconds will affect: 1. quality 2. quantity 3. intensity

2 and 3 only

Increasing the energy of an incident electron will result in the production of an x-ray photon with: 1. greater velocity 2. greater energy 3. greater penetrability

2 and 3 only

Penumbra decreases as: 1. OID increases 2. Distortion decreases 3. SOD increases

2 and 3 only

Recorded detail can be improved by decreasing: 1. The SID 2. The OID 3. Patient/part motion

2 and 3 only

Resolution is decreased when: 1. SID increases 2. OID increases 3. IR is angled

2 and 3 only

Resolution will increase as: 1. Relative speed (RS) increases 2. Relative speed decreases 3. Penumbra decreases

2 and 3 only

Select the TRUE statement from the choices below. 1. If an image is within acceptable limits, it is always of optimal image quality. 2. The art of image critique is the application of scientific knowledge to the analysis of an image. 3. A problem with contrast is categorized as a technical factor problem.

2 and 3 only

Spatial resolution is improved in digital imaging when: 1. matrix size decreases 2. pixel size decreases 3. bit depth increases

2 and 3 only

The collimation assembly of a radiographic unit: 1. employs upper shutters to reduce penumbra 2. allows the radiographer to adjust field size 3. helps to reduce off-focus radiation from striking the IR.

2 and 3 only

The quantity of scattered radiation reaching the IR can be reduced through the use of: 1. an decrease in RS 2. an air gap 3. a grid

2 and 3 only

Which of the choices below does NOT increase contrast: 1. Decreasing filtration 2. Increasing field size 3. Increasing quality of the beam

2 and 3 only

Factors affecting recorded detail include: 1. mAs 2. distance 3. radiographic grids 4. angulation

2 and 4 only

The best method for controlling motion while maintaining exposure when the patient is unable to cooperate is to: 1. Increase mAs 2. Decrease time 3. Decrease SID 4. Increase mA

2 and 4 only

Which is used as a guide to maintain the same IR exposure when distance changes? 1. inverse square law 2. exposure maintenance law 3. 15% rule 4. Direct square law

2 and 4 only

Which can negatively impact recorded detail? 1. Maximum SID 2. Large focal spot 3. Increased matrix size

2 only

All of the following affect geometric properties EXCEPT: 1. focal spot size 2. SOD 3. Filtration

3 only

A 5 inch object to be radiographed at a 44 in. SID lies 6 in. from the IR. What will be the image width?

5.7 in.

A satisfactory abdominal radiograph is produced using a 6:1 grid (GCF=3), 300 mA at 100 ms with 70 kVp. A second radiograph is requested using an 10:1 grid (GCF=5). What mAs is needed to produce the second radiograph with comparable IR exposure?

50 mAs

A satisfactory radiograph is produced using 10 mAs at 85 kVp without a grid. A second radiograph is requested using an 10:1 grid with a GCF of 5. What mAs is needed to maintain exposure on the second radiograph?

50 mAs

All factors remaining constant, which of the following set of exposure conditions would yield an image with the GREATEST radiographic exposure? 100 mA, .75 sec, 40" SID, 70 kVp 300 mA, 125 ms, 40" SID, 70 kVp 150 mA, .25 sec, 40" SID, 80 kVp 500 mA, 150 ms, 40" SID, 88 kVp

500 mA, 150 ms, 40" SID, 88 kVp

A satisfactory abdominal radiograph is produced using a 12:1 grid (GCF=5), 50 mAs with 70 kVp. A second radiograph is requested using an 16:1 grid (GCF=6). What mAs is needed to produce the second radiograph with comparable IR exposure?

60 mAs

Which grid would have the greatest distance between lead strips? 6:1 8:1 12:1 16:1

6:1

A Potter-Bucky diaphragm must move the grid in a direction that is ____ to the direction of the grid lines.

90 degree angle

Which radiograph exhibits the best detail? An AP chest for evaluation of the heart at 40 in An AP chest for evaluation of the heart at 72 in A PA chest for evaluation of the heart at 40 in A PA chest for evaluation of the heart at 72"

A PA chest for evaluation of the heart at 72"

Which statement about radiographic grids is incorrect? A grid is a series of lead strips that alternate with radiopaque interspace material. The interspace material is usually made of aluminum. Grids may have grid strips running in perpendicular directions. The radiopaque strips are typically made of thin lead

A grid is a series of lead strips that alternate with radiopaque interspace material.

Subject/object unsharpness can result from all of the following except when: Object shape does not coincide with the shape of the x-ray beam Anatomic object/s of interest is/are in the path of the CR Object plane is not parallel with x-ray tube and/or IR Anatomic objects of interest is/are a distance from the IR

Anatomic object/s of interest is/are in the path of the CR

Which statement is FALSE? As mAS decreases, quantity decreases As mAs increases, output decreases As mAs increases, exposure increases As mAs decreases, intensity decreases

As mAs increases, output decreases

When a beam-restricting device is used to limit field size, technical factors may need to ____ to compensate for the change in image receptor exposure.

Be increased

As kilovoltage increases, the percentage of x-rays that undergo____ interactions will increase

Compton

The primary source of radiation exposure for occupational personnel is due to:

Compton Scatter

kVp controls the relationship between:

Compton and photoelectric interactions

Scatter radiation in radiography is produced during:

Compton interactions

Scatter radiation in radiography is produced during:

Compton interations

The primary source of radiation exposure for occupational personnel is due to

Compton scatter

For a grid to be properly focused, the x-ray tube must be located along the ____ line.

Convergence

An increase in kVp by 15 percent will cause an approximate ______ in exposure

Doubling

Attenuation is greater for elements with more __ with which the photons may interact.

Electrons

Bone produces less image receptor ___ because it attenuates the x-ray beam more than soft tissue does.

Exposure

Bone produces less image receptor ____ because it attenuates the x-ray beam more than soft tissue does.

Exposure

Which secondary factor influences the number of photons reaching the IR

Exposure Time

Bone absorbs more radiation and produces more scatter than soft tissue. True or False

False

Bone absorbs more radiation and produces more scatter than soft tissue. True or False

False

Scattered photons from Compton interactions are useful in demonstrating radiographic structures of interest. True or False

False

Subject density refers to the impact the patient has on the resulting radiographic contrast. True or False

False

The principal factors that affect scatter production are mAs and the type of irradiated material. True or False

False

The principle factors that affect the amount of scatter produced are mAs and the type of irradiated material. True or False

False

The relationship between image receptor exposure and the patient is termed subject contrast. True or False

False

When kilovoltage is increased with no other changes in technical factors, fewer percentage of scattered photons will result compared to absorption. True of False

False

mAs controls the quantity and affects the quality of xrays in the primary beam True or False

False

The ____ represents a depth to the information in the digital image.

Grayscale Bit

The ____ the SID, the ____ the magnification.

Greater; smaller

X-ray beam quality is numerically represented by

HVL

Which of the following elements would attenuate a lesser percentage of the x-ray beam? Hydrogen Fat Muscle Bone

Hydrogen

As subject density ____, image receptor exposure ____.

Increases; decreases

All of the following are true of Compton scatter EXCEPT: Most of the final image exposure is the result of Compton scatter. Its production increases as tissue atomic # increases. It is a significant contributor to occupational radiation exposure. It contributes no meaningful information on the final image.

Its production increases as tissue atomic # increases.

Examinations of body parts with a large inherent OID warrant a ____ whenever possible.

Large SID

Which type of radiograph provides the most clinical diagnostic information?

Long scale contrast images

As the spatial frequency of objects increases

MTF decreases

Which measures the accuracy of an image compared to the original object on a scale of 0-1?

MTF modulation transfer function

Which measures the accuracy of an image compared to the original object on a scale of 0-1?

Modulation transfer function

Technical factor problems can include both:

Photographic and geometric problems

The factors that affect xray emission under the direct control of the radiographer are called _____ factors

Prime

Which of the following is placed between the patient and the image receptor to absorb scatter radiation?

Radiographic grid

Which of the following is placed between the patient and the image receptor to absorb scatter?

Radiographic grid

You have completed a chest radiograph on a 2 month old infant using a restraining device at a 72" SID. Because of the design of the device, your OID is suboptimum. The image reveals good resolution of the bony anatomy but the pulmonary vasculature is blurred. In an effort to improve the quality of the repeat image, the competent radiographer would

Raise the mA and decrease exposure time

Penumbra is ____ when the collimator shutters are at a/an ____ distance from the xray tube.

Reduced; increased

When the position of the patient is reversed the direction of the tube angle must be ____ to maintain the relationship

Reversed

X-ray beam quality is numerically represented by the:

Roentgen

With a patient in the supine position, the anatomical structure that would demonstrate the greatest subject detail would be the:

Spinous Processes

Select the TRUE statement regarding digital imaging from the choices below: Digital technology had eliminated repeat images due to errors in exposure selection Exposure index numbers are consistent between manufacturers Digital detectors will compensate for errors in mAs selection The brightness on a review monitor is not related to x-ray exposure

The brightness on a review monitor is not related to x-ray exposure

As a last resort to control voluntary motion, which human immobilizer should be used to hold a patient in position?

The male relative

The Nyquist criterion is

The sampling of the spatial resolution frequency signal twice from each cycle in digital systems

The _____ the body part, the _____ the attenuation.

Thicker, Greater

The ____ the body part, the ____ the attenuation.

Thicker; greater

A radiographer can help minimize the amount of scatter radiation reaching the IR by restricting the beam True or False

True

A radiographer can minimize the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor by restricting the beam. True or False

True

Automatic collimators are known as positive beam limitation (PBL) devices. True or False

True

Lead blockers may serve as beam restrictors. True or False

True

Penumbra is a geometric unsharpness around the periphery of an image True or False

True

Scattered photons from Compton interactions are of no use in demonstrating radiographic structures of interest. True or False

True

Shape distortion can be the result of a patient's body habitus. True or False

True

Soft tissue absorbs less radiation and produces more scatter than bone. True or False

True

Subject distortion can be reduced by accurately positioning the patient True or False

True

Subject distortion occurs naturally. True or False

True

The beam emitted from the patient contains diagnostic information. True or False

True

The incident beam is significantly altered as it passes through the patient. True or False

True

The patient has an impact on all the properties that affect radiographic quality of image. True or False

True

The presence of the Moire effect on an image indicates a problem with:

a CR cassette and grid

If an increase in kilovoltage is accompanied by a reduction in mAS, to maintain the same exit dose the overall result will be:

a decrease in the amount of scatter produced

In general radiography, quantum noise is

a function of mAs

The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is:

a function of the monitor

Generally speaking, the process of image analysis should start with:

a review of the entire image

An image that demonstrates underexposure would represent:

a technical factor problem

When the sampling frequency is less than the Nyquist value:

aliasing occurs

Variation in beam intensity between the two ends of the tube:

anode heel effect

The reduction in the total number of x-ray photons in the useful beam as the photons pass through material because of interactions that occur in the body is termed

attenuation

A severely underexposed image will

be unable to visualize recorded detail

The purpose of moving the grid during the radiographic exposure is to:

blur out the radiopaque strips.

When evaluating the degree of resolution on an actual image, an effective tissue to analyze is:

bony trabecular markings

Which of the following elements would attenuate a greater percentage of the x-ray beam: hydrogen carbon oxygen calcium

calcium

When using a digital image receptor

control IR exposure with predictable changes in mAs

Increasing kVp for an exposure will

create an increase in the energy of electron traveling from cathode to anode

A severely underexposed image will

demonstrate low radiographic exposure index

The exposure maintenance formula is

direct square law mAs1/ mAs2= D1squared/D2 squared

The effect of mAs upon intensity is

directly proportional

The relationship between mAs and IR exposure is

directly proportional

The concept of contrast (range of exposures) for digital images is described as:

dynamic range

X-rays are attenuated:

exponentially

x-rays are attenuated

exponentially

Direct relationship between mAs and distance:

exposure maintenance formula

All of the following are related EXCEPT equipment malfunction problem. exposure timer error. technical factor problem. procedural factor problem.

exposure timer error.

All of the following factors would affect radiographic contrast EXCEPT: focal spot filtration kVp grid ratio

focal spot

If kVp is doubled, the amount of x-ray photons created approximately increases

four times

The number of grid lines per inch is the grid:

frequency

Increasing the energy of an incident electron will result in the production of an x-ray photon with

greater energy

For the same exposure intensity, air produces

greater exposure intensity to the IR than other materials

As more photons pass through the irradiated material unaffected, the resulting image receptor exposure has:

greater radiographic image exposure

The ___ represents a depth to the information in the digital image.

greyscale

Which generator produces the greatest amount of radiographic exposure

high frequency generator

Focal spot blooming occurs with

high mA

With digital imaging systems, the primary factors affecting final image contrast are the

histogram and LUT

Which of the following elements would attenuate a lesser percentage of the x-ray beam? Oxygen carbon barium hydrogen

hydrogen

The primary purpose of a grid is to:

improve contrast

What is the primary purpose of a grid

improve contrast

A photographic problem with visibility of detail would be likely due to:

inadequate kVp

Increasing field size from 8x10 to 14x17 with no other changes will:

increase exposure and increase the amount of scatter radiation produced in the part.

When changing your SID from 40" to 56":

increase the mAs by a factor of 2

When changing your SID from 56" to 72":

increase the mAs by a factor of 2

As the mA doubles, the number of electrons flowing from the cathode to anode

increase two times

If the mAs of a radiograph is increased from 10 to 20, the resulting radiograph will exhibit

increased radiographic exposure

As OID increases and SID remains constant, entrance skin exposure (ESE):

increases

As the volume of irradiated tissue ____, the amount of scatter produced ____.

increases, increases

The relationship between the intensity of radiation and distance is the

inverse square law

The relationship between output and SID is

inversely proportional to the square of the distance

The relationship between quantity and Source to Image receptor Distance is:

inversely proportional to the square of the distance

A major factor that affects the amount of scatter produced is:

irradiated material

An optimal diagnostic quality radiograph:

is always in acceptable limits

Because of the anode heel effect, x-ray beam intensity

is less under the anode side of the tube

Controls the average energy of the x-ray beam:

kVp

The primary factor controlling x-ray beam quality is determined by:

kVp

The principle controlling factor of contrast is

kVp

Which secondary factor influences the number of photons reaching the IR?

kVp

X-ray beam penetrability is primarily controlled by

kVp

In order to reduce patient entrance skin exposure (ESE), high kVp exposures are a consideration. It is important to remember that

kVp values that are excessively high can negatively affect the data histogram

A key factor that affects the probability of scatter produced is:

kilovoltage

A PA chest radiograph that demonstrates a faint outline of the thoracic spine and many shades of gray to show the pulmonary markings of the lung illustrates:

long scale contrast and adequate penetration

Controls the x-ray beam intensity

mAs

The principle controlling factor of radiographic image exposure is

mAs

As you analyze your image, you come to the conclusion that it must have more exposure. As a general rule, you should increase

mAs by x2

When collimating down from a 14x17 field size to an 8x10 field size

mAs must be increased to maintain radiographing image exposure.

Size distortion in radiography can be ___ only.

magnification

The best method for controlling motion when the patient is unable to cooperate is to

maintain mAs while decreasing time

Because the x-ray beam is divergent

minification is impossible

In the event of making a single exposure that is critical to the exam success, most experienced technologists should

overexpose the IR slightly

The greatest source of scatter during a radiographic examination is the:

patient

Poor resolution is caused by unacceptable levels of:

penumbra

Proper alignment is achieved when the central ray is ____ to the part and ____ to the IR:

perpendicular; perpendicular

As kilovoltage increases, the percentage of photons that undergo a ____ interaction will decrease.

photoelectric

The factors that affect x-ray emission under the direct control of the radiographer are called ____ factors.

prime

Performing a routine chest radiograph in the AP projection will:

produce improved resolution of the thoracic spine

Kilovoltage is the primary controlling factor of

radiographic contrast

Photons that pass through the body unaffected produce:

radiographic contrast

The difference between two adjacent IR exposures is:

radiographic contrast

Size distortion is controlled by:

radiographic distances

The ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between the lead strips is the grid:

ratio

The overall general shape of human anatomical structures are:

round or oval

A grid absorbs:

scatter radiation

The degree of differential absorption is referred to as:

subject contrast

As the lead content of a grid increases:

the ability of the grid to remove scatter increases.

With the patient in the PA projection of the abdomen (prone):

the anterior ribs would have high resolution

Recorded detail is:

the degree of geometric sharpness

A factor that affects the amount of scatter produced is:

the irradiated material

Foreshortening can be caused by:

the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

For general radiography, an MTF value of 1 is

theoretically impossible

Immediately after exposure and before a digitally acquired image is post processed, the initial image demonstrates

very low contrast

Compared to an indirect DR system, a direct DR system

will produce high resolution

Image brightness on an image display monitor can be adjusted by

window level

Image brightness on an image display monitor can be manipulated using the

window level

Geometric problems dealing with distortion could be due to:

x ray tube alignment

The product of tube current and exposure time is equal to

x-ray beam quantity


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Essay 2: U Curve and W curve adjustment

View Set

Ch. 6 Exam - Health Insurance Policies: Health Insurance Policy Provisions

View Set

Financial Management Final Spring 18

View Set

Chapter 11: Functional Organization of nervous tissue

View Set

Databases 2 | CS 3306 | All questions: Self-Quizzes, Graded Quizzes, and Review Quizzes

View Set