2.4.T - Lesson: Bonding

____________ occur when an atom has an unequal number of protons and electrons due to the gain or loss of electrons.

Ionic Bond

When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged and is called an ___________

anion

the Seven diatomic elements

hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), fluorine (F2), chlorine (Cl2), iodine (I2), and bromine (Br2)

The first energy level can only hold ____ electrons,

2

According to the octet rule, what number of electrons does an atom need in its valence shell to be stable?

8

__________ form when atoms share valence electrons with one another.

Covalent bonds

__________ refers to an atom's attraction for electrons.

Electronegativity

When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a __________

cation

A process that involves rearrangement of the atoms.

chemical reaction

A _______ results when atoms of at least two different elements bond

compound

elements that do not exist as single atoms in nature but are only found in pairs. These molecules are called ______

diatomic molecules

A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed.

endergonic

A chemical reaction in which energy is released.

exergonic

In order to have a complete outer shell, atoms must ________

form bonds with each other

when two or more atoms bond together.

molecule

Bonding results in the production of

molecules and compounds.

The elements in group 18 of the periodic table, known as the _________, have a full octet in their valence shells, except for helium, which only has one energy level with 2 electrons.

noble gases

The ______ is when, most atoms seek to fill their outer shell with eight electrons (or 2 for the first energy level).

octet rule

A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.

product

A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

reactant

The electrons in the outermost shell of any given element (whether in the first energy level or the seventh)

valence electrons