282 Test #2

Industrial Revolution Furniture

- More movable furniture and flexible to suit lifestyles - despite of new light sources, arrangements often static to be near sources of natural or artificial light

Shaker Style Architecture

- Neatness, efficiency, function and easy maintenance - Symmetry

Victorian (1837-1901)

- New middle class could afford such things now that they were inexpensively produced in quantitiy, the decorative and the ornamental became the dominant theme of all design

Industrial Revolution Interiors

- New technology revolutionizes work and home environments - conveniences and better loghting, heating and plumbing increase throughout the century

Video Notes- Important keywords

- Prie-dieu chair - balloon back chair - AWN Pugin architectural Influence - Button back chair - Conversation Chair

Queen Vistoria's Reign (1837-1901)

- Queen Victoria served as a monarch of Great Britain and Ireland - Second longest reigning British monarch (64 years or reign)

Eastlake Furniture Style (Victorian Style)

Also known as cottage Furniture, the mass produced pieces were more affordable than fanciful ones

The exposition Universelle of 1889

The eiffel Tower was the main exhibit of the Paris Exposition- or World's Fair- of 1889

Etagere (whatnot) by Alexander Roux

- A series of selves for display of small decorative objects - etagere is synonym with the colloquial term "what-not"

John Henry Belter (1804- 1863)

- American cabinet maker active in NYC - Characterized by curved lines, highly ornamented carvings in floral patterns - Upholstered furniture based on french Rococo pieces laminated rosewood. -Worked mostly in rosewood

Gothic Revival Furniture

- Architectonic forms (modified box, finals, pointed arch backs) - Gothic motifs such as trefoil, quatrefoil, linen fold, tracery

Industrial Revolution Lighting:

- Argand Lamp, Astral Lamp Hanging oil Lamp, Gasolier

German Greek Revival, Biedermeier (1815-1848)

- Beidermeier made from what is referred to as blonde wood. Furniture was usually made of light, colored, less expensive woods like Pear wood, Cherry wood, Birch wood, elm or fruit woods.

McConnell Mansion 1886

- Built in 1886 by William J. McConnell (3rd governor of Idaho) - Building was designed in Stick/ Eastlake architectural style - Has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Gothic Interior Characteristics:

- Ceilings were wood beamed with corbels, tracery - stained glass windows or leaded glass, windows

Shaker Style Architecture features

- Chimney on end - Side gabled roof - rectangular double hung sash windows - double entrance doors

Late Victorian period/ Eastlake Furniture

- Envisioned by Charles Eastlake - More Geometric and incorporates more modest curves with a nod toward modernism.

Rococo Revival Design Characteristics

- French Rococo Influence - Most popular of all revivals for both interiors and furniture - cabriole legs, fanciful carvings and great use of C and S Scrolls

Industrial revolution time frame is characterized by:

- Rapid human growth and urban/suburban expansion - new materials - experienced change in terms of new attituted and tastes, lower middle class had disposable income - comfort was a major design focus - Major enhancement of transportation allowed for increased world wide trade

Shaker Style- Furnishing and Decorative Arts

- Rocker - built-in Storage - White plaster wall - Wood Baseboards - Wood plank Floors

Video Notes- Sir Walter Scott

- Scottish historical novelist, playwriter and historian - Because of his novels, the tudor and elizabethan revival styles became popular and a trend throughout England and the US.

Industrial Revolution mechanizes during the 19th century and therefore:

- Standardizes parts and machine carving replace hand-work, large manufacturers replace small shops - Retailers, furniture shops and department stores sell to consumers

Renaissance Revival (1870- 1900)

-A reaction to the Rococo Revival and considered to be influenced by Eastlake - Characterized by eclectic use of many revival styles

Gothic Revival Design Characteristics:

-Gothic motifs and forms - English and French Gothic influences - Religious movement in england (Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin or AWN Pugin)

This time frame is characterized by: (materials)

-New Materials (iron) and fabrication methods enabled rapid development of transportation modes, engineering methods, manufacturing capabilities and integration of art and technology

Augustus Pugin

-was an English Architect, designer, artist and critic who is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style in Architecture

Gothic Victorian Bookcase

AWN Pugin, Gothic Revival

Queen victoria's reign brought:

A long period of peace, prosperity and refined sensibilities

What did the industrial Revolution affect?

Architecture, Interiors, Furniture and Decorative arts in form, new materials and techonologies

Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and Other Details

As the book became more popular in the US, furniture manufacturers took ideas and designs from the groundbreaking book and introduced what came to be known as the East lake Style of Furniture and design.

Sofa- Renaissance Revival

Attributed to John Jeliff, Rosewood, ash, pine, mother of pearl

Armchair - Renaissance Revival

Attributed to John Jeliff, made in New Jersey in Rosewood

Palace of Westminster London, England.

Augustus W. N. Pugin architects, known for his design and iconic clock tower, now the Big Ben

Charles Eastlake

Author of Hints on Household Taste (Touched of medieval and japanese influece) Called for a return to hand craftsmanship

Gothic Revival- Charles Eastlake (1793-1865)

Author of Hints on Household Taste (touted medieval and Japanese Influences) and called for a return to handcraftsmanship

Industrial Revolution- Books and Periodicals

Books and periodicals show latest fashion trends

Crystal Palace

Built in 1851 in London, England and designed by Sir Joseph Paxton

Industrial Revolution- Catalogs

Catalogs were a source of furnishings for middle class

Queen Anne (1885-1905)

Conical Roof is critical to a Queen Anne Architectural Style

The Carson Mansion Located in Eureka, California

Considered one of the finest examples of American Queen Anne style architecturally

John Henry Belter Detail

Detail Showing cluster of grapes and patterning in the rosewood attributed to JHB

Lyndhurst, NY, Alexander Jackson Davis, Gothic Revival house

Dining room

Late Victorian period/ Eastlake Furniture

Eastlake pieces can include middle eastern or far eastern elements

Late Victorian

Eastlake, Stick and Queen Anne

Victorian Design Characteristics

Eclectic forms including green, gothic, renaissance, egyptian, oriental and rococo revival. - During the 1800 people looked at the past for design inspiration

Industrial Revolution started in...

England after 1750 and spread through Europe, North America, and British Territories Worldwide

Industrial Revolution Started in..

England after 1750 and spread through the industrialized world

Campbell House- Spokane, Wa

English Tudor Revival Style

What did the Industrial revolution Bring?

Expositions and Exhibitions: new design ideas and products

Greek Revival (1820-1860)

Greek (form of a Greek temple)

Rococo Revival (1840-1860)

Influenced by the Second Empire in France

Shaker Style- Interior

Interior with bed, early 19th century

What did Victorian Styles often include?

Interpretations and eclectic revival mixed with a variety of sources to create a new style

Gothic Revival Armchair

John and Joseph W Meeks, Mohagony

German Greek Revival, Biedermeier- famous designer

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781- 1841) was a Prussian architect, city planner, and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets.

Eastlake Furniture Style (victorian Style)

Like Duncan Phyfe frniture, Eastlake Furniture is frequently seen in antique shops all over the US

Italianate, Italian Renaissance- Renaissance Revival Parlor

Look for: - picture rail - large mirror above mantel - gasolier - ebonized cornice - lambrequin - wall to wall carpet

Lyndhurst (1865)- Gothic Revival House Example Case Study

Lyndhurst, 1838, New York by Alexander Jackson Davis

Gothic Victorian Bible Stand

Made by Pugin, solid oak

Ind. Rev. Characterized by: (trade)

Major enhancement in transportation allowed for increased world wide trade

Eastlake Furniture- Carved Oak (victorian Style)

Pieces of furniture in this style had: - low relief carving - incised lines - moldings - geometric ornaments - flat surfaces that were easy to keep clean

Sipper Chair by John Henry Belter

Rosewood

Chair (side chair) Date by John Henry Belter

Rosewood, Brass, Iron, Silk, NYC

This time frame is characterized by: (middle class)

Society also experienced change in terms of new attitudes and tastes, the lower middle class now had disposable income and were able to decorate their homes with inexpensive versions of the household furnishings and accessories that the upper class had. Comfort was a major design focus.

John Henry Belter patented what process?

Steam Laminating wood (thin pieces of wood glued and bent together) - His well known patterns like fountain Elms, Rosalie with grapes, etc.

STICK/EASTLAKE STYLE

Style that uses details from Eastlake Movement, Started by Charles Eastlake. Stick style enjoyed modest popularity.

What did the majority of the 1800's society value?

They valued "revival styles" and looked to the past for design inspiration.

Tete a Tete attributed to John Henry Belter

Thighs would not touch, which addresses the Victorian need for decorum

The Industrial Revolution transformed..?

Transformed societies and economies from agrarian to Industrial

The Bishops House- Boise, Id

Victorian/ Queen Anne Style

The Jones House 1893- Boise, ID

Victorian/ Queen Anne Style

Industrial Revolution created a development in...

an integration of art and technology

Video notes- Papier Mache

famous makers: - Jennens and Bettridge The use of pulped/ mashed paper to create objects

Industrial revolution- exhibitions and expositions

popular during the 1800s and were "testing grounds" for new products made from innovative materials and fabrication techniques

Renaissance Revival Parlor (1868-70)

rear parlor of Wilcox Mansion built in 1870 with Paneled Columns, Classical motifs, Scrolling geometric motifs and straight lined forms