28.4, 28.6

During menses, which of the following hormones is/are at high levels?

All these hormones are at low levels.

Define ovarian cycle.

Events occurring monthly in the female ovary

Define menstrual cycle.

Events occurring monthly within the non-pregnant female uterus

What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.

Formation of external genitalia Stimulates spermatogenesis Development of secondary sex characteristics

At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A is located, the release of the hormone - is occurring. Use the hormone abbreviation.

GnRH

Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function? Select all that apply.

Hormonal Neural

Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following structures release hormones to control the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply.

Hypothalamus Pituitary

During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.

Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis

_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.

Interstital

_______ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.

Interstitial

What occurs during menses? Select all that apply.

Necrosis of the functional layer Contraction of uterine smooth muscle Constriction of spiral arteries

What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?

Progesterone

What hormone shows increased secretion during the secretory phase?

Progesterone

What phase of the uterine cycle is marked with the letter A in this figure?

Proliferative

During which phase are LH, FSH and estrogen secreted and the endometrium thickens?

Proliferative phase

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? Select all that apply.

Spiral arteries are dilated. Epithelial cells rapidly divide. Spiral glands form in the functional layer.

The boxes on the left side of this figure represent the ______ phase of the ovarian cycle and are influenced by follicle -stimulating hormone.

follicular

In the ovarian cycle, the growth and development of follicles occurs during the - phase.

follicular or proliferative

Name the phase in which the follicles develop.

follicular phase

The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.

gonadotropin

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.

gonadotropins

What type of control of reproductive function is illustrated in this figure?

hormonal

The development and function of the female reproductive system is dependent on ______.

hormonal and neural control

GnRH is produced and released by the

hypothalamus

The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the - are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.

hypothalamus

At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called - .

ovulation

Name the event that occurs shortly after the time period marked with the circle in this figure. This event is - .

ovulation

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.

ovulation

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

ovulation corpus luteum formation

High levels of estrogen just before ovulation have a ______ feedback effect on the levels of LH and FSH.

positive

During the ______ phase of the uterine cycle, the spiral glands release a glycogen-rich fluid and the endometrial and myometrial cells hypertrophy.

secretory

Which of the following is NOT involved in the secretion of male sex hormones?

Adrenal medulla

Order the phases of the menstrual cycle, starting with day 1 and ending with day 28.

1. Menses 2. Proliferative Phase 3. Secretory Phase

List, in order, the phases of the ovarian cycle.

1. follicular phase 2. ovulation 3. luteal phase

The average length of the menstrual cycle each month is - days.

28

The average length of the menstrual cycle each month is ______ days.

28

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Active mitosis rebuilds the endometrium.

Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?

Endocrine Nervous

In this figure, the secretion pattern of what ovarian hormone is depicted by arrow A?

Estrogen

The rising level of what hormone results in the LH surge just before ovulation?

Estrogen

At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A (3) is located, the release of the hormone is occurring.

FSH

At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A is located, the release of the hormone - is occurring.

FSH

The secretion of what hormone is indicated by the green arrow marked with a circle labeled A (1)?

FSH

During the proliferative phase, the secretion of what hormone(s) is/are increased? Select all that apply.

FSH Estrogen LH

True or false: Estrogen's primary role is to trigger the release of the ovum from the follicle.

False

Name the phase in which the follicles develop.

Follicular phase

At the circled area labeled A (2) of this figure, the release of the hormone - occurs.

LH

Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of ______.

LH

Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest

Menses

Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest.

Menses

Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle. Select all that apply.

Menses Secretory phase Proliferative phase

Look at the circled area. What occurs at this point in the menstrual cycle?

Ovulation

During which phase does progesterone secretion peak?

Secretory phase

Identify changes that occur in the female during puberty. Select all that apply.

Sex drive development Increased deposition of adipose tissue Enlargement of reproductive tract Menarche occurs

What hormone is responsible for development of male reproductive anatomy, spermatogenesis, and the appearance of male characteristics?

Testosterone

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

What is the function of the spiral glands during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

They secrete a glycogen-rich fluid to nourish endometrial cells.

True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle begins just after ovulation.

True

True or False: The phase of the menstrual cycle as indicated by the letter A in this figure is the secretory phase.

True

Menstruation involves the discharge of ______. Select all that apply.

blood endometrial lining

Erection is regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system?

both divisons

The male sex act involves ______. Select all that apply

ejaculation emission mucus secretion erection

This figure illustrates the role of the ______ system on reproductive structure and function.

endocrine

The uterine cycle refers to the changes that takes place in the ______.

endometrium

The reflex of the male sex act that involves both parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation is called an _____.

erection

This figure indicates the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone ______ peaks.

estrogen

True or False: Female reproduction is under the control of the nervous system but not the endocrine system.

false

The release of the - hormone is occurring at number 6.

inhibin

The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the _____ phase.

luteal

Events that occur during the ovarian cycle include the ______. Select all that apply.

luteal phase follicular phase ovulation

The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is - hormone.

luteinizing

The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of - hormone.

luteinizing or LH

Mucus secretion, erection, emission, and ejaculation are all reflexes involved in the ______ sex act.

male

The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the _____ of the menstrual cycle.

menses

Decreased delivery of blood and cellular death of the endometrium occurs during the ______ phase of the uterine cycle.

menstrual

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus are referred to as the ______.

menstrual cycle

The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the phase of the - menstrual cycle.

menstrual or menses

Sexual excitement and plateau often culminate in the intense sensation referred to as ______.

orgasm

Sexual excitement and plateau often culminate in the intense sensation referred to as - .

orgasm; climax

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female gonads are referred to as the ______.

ovarian cycle

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland release hormones to control the events of the - cycle.

ovarian or menstrual

Study the figure indicating the changes that occur with follicular development and hormones associated with development of the follicles. The secretion pattern indicated by hormone B represents - .

progesterone

The hormone that is at its highest level during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is - .

progesterone

This figure indicated the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone - peaks.

progesterone

The spiral glands develop during the _____ phase of the uterine cycle.

proliferative

Menarche and secondary sex characteristic development in the female occur during - .

puberty

The stage of life when individuals become capable for sexual reproduction is called ____.

puberty

The effects of estrogen are ______. Select all that apply.

upregulation of LH receptors in developing follicle positive feedback on LH and FSH secretion inhibition of GnRH release

The changes that take place in the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle is referred to as the _____ cycle.

uterine