28.4, 28.6
During menses, which of the following hormones is/are at high levels?
All these hormones are at low levels.
Define ovarian cycle.
Events occurring monthly in the female ovary
Define menstrual cycle.
Events occurring monthly within the non-pregnant female uterus
What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.
Formation of external genitalia Stimulates spermatogenesis Development of secondary sex characteristics
At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A is located, the release of the hormone - is occurring. Use the hormone abbreviation.
GnRH
Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function? Select all that apply.
Hormonal Neural
Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following structures release hormones to control the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply.
Hypothalamus Pituitary
During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.
Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis
_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.
Interstital
_______ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.
Interstitial
What occurs during menses? Select all that apply.
Necrosis of the functional layer Contraction of uterine smooth muscle Constriction of spiral arteries
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone
What hormone shows increased secretion during the secretory phase?
Progesterone
What phase of the uterine cycle is marked with the letter A in this figure?
Proliferative
During which phase are LH, FSH and estrogen secreted and the endometrium thickens?
Proliferative phase
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? Select all that apply.
Spiral arteries are dilated. Epithelial cells rapidly divide. Spiral glands form in the functional layer.
The boxes on the left side of this figure represent the ______ phase of the ovarian cycle and are influenced by follicle -stimulating hormone.
follicular
In the ovarian cycle, the growth and development of follicles occurs during the - phase.
follicular or proliferative
Name the phase in which the follicles develop.
follicular phase
The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.
gonadotropin
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.
gonadotropins
What type of control of reproductive function is illustrated in this figure?
hormonal
The development and function of the female reproductive system is dependent on ______.
hormonal and neural control
GnRH is produced and released by the
hypothalamus
The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the - are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.
hypothalamus
At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called - .
ovulation
Name the event that occurs shortly after the time period marked with the circle in this figure. This event is - .
ovulation
The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.
ovulation
The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.
ovulation corpus luteum formation
High levels of estrogen just before ovulation have a ______ feedback effect on the levels of LH and FSH.
positive
During the ______ phase of the uterine cycle, the spiral glands release a glycogen-rich fluid and the endometrial and myometrial cells hypertrophy.
secretory
Which of the following is NOT involved in the secretion of male sex hormones?
Adrenal medulla
Order the phases of the menstrual cycle, starting with day 1 and ending with day 28.
1. Menses 2. Proliferative Phase 3. Secretory Phase
List, in order, the phases of the ovarian cycle.
1. follicular phase 2. ovulation 3. luteal phase
The average length of the menstrual cycle each month is - days.
28
The average length of the menstrual cycle each month is ______ days.
28
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Active mitosis rebuilds the endometrium.
Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?
Endocrine Nervous
In this figure, the secretion pattern of what ovarian hormone is depicted by arrow A?
Estrogen
The rising level of what hormone results in the LH surge just before ovulation?
Estrogen
At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A (3) is located, the release of the hormone is occurring.
FSH
At the circled area of this figure, where the letter A is located, the release of the hormone - is occurring.
FSH
The secretion of what hormone is indicated by the green arrow marked with a circle labeled A (1)?
FSH
During the proliferative phase, the secretion of what hormone(s) is/are increased? Select all that apply.
FSH Estrogen LH
True or false: Estrogen's primary role is to trigger the release of the ovum from the follicle.
False
Name the phase in which the follicles develop.
Follicular phase
At the circled area labeled A (2) of this figure, the release of the hormone - occurs.
LH
Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of ______.
LH
Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest
Menses
Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest.
Menses
Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle. Select all that apply.
Menses Secretory phase Proliferative phase
Look at the circled area. What occurs at this point in the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation
During which phase does progesterone secretion peak?
Secretory phase
Identify changes that occur in the female during puberty. Select all that apply.
Sex drive development Increased deposition of adipose tissue Enlargement of reproductive tract Menarche occurs
What hormone is responsible for development of male reproductive anatomy, spermatogenesis, and the appearance of male characteristics?
Testosterone
The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.
The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.
What is the function of the spiral glands during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
They secrete a glycogen-rich fluid to nourish endometrial cells.
True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle begins just after ovulation.
True
True or False: The phase of the menstrual cycle as indicated by the letter A in this figure is the secretory phase.
True
Menstruation involves the discharge of ______. Select all that apply.
blood endometrial lining
Erection is regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system?
both divisons
The male sex act involves ______. Select all that apply
ejaculation emission mucus secretion erection
This figure illustrates the role of the ______ system on reproductive structure and function.
endocrine
The uterine cycle refers to the changes that takes place in the ______.
endometrium
The reflex of the male sex act that involves both parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation is called an _____.
erection
This figure indicates the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone ______ peaks.
estrogen
True or False: Female reproduction is under the control of the nervous system but not the endocrine system.
false
The release of the - hormone is occurring at number 6.
inhibin
The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the _____ phase.
luteal
Events that occur during the ovarian cycle include the ______. Select all that apply.
luteal phase follicular phase ovulation
The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is - hormone.
luteinizing
The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of - hormone.
luteinizing or LH
Mucus secretion, erection, emission, and ejaculation are all reflexes involved in the ______ sex act.
male
The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the _____ of the menstrual cycle.
menses
Decreased delivery of blood and cellular death of the endometrium occurs during the ______ phase of the uterine cycle.
menstrual
The series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus are referred to as the ______.
menstrual cycle
The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the phase of the - menstrual cycle.
menstrual or menses
Sexual excitement and plateau often culminate in the intense sensation referred to as ______.
orgasm
Sexual excitement and plateau often culminate in the intense sensation referred to as - .
orgasm; climax
The series of monthly changes that occur within the female gonads are referred to as the ______.
ovarian cycle
The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland release hormones to control the events of the - cycle.
ovarian or menstrual
Study the figure indicating the changes that occur with follicular development and hormones associated with development of the follicles. The secretion pattern indicated by hormone B represents - .
progesterone
The hormone that is at its highest level during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is - .
progesterone
This figure indicated the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone - peaks.
progesterone
The spiral glands develop during the _____ phase of the uterine cycle.
proliferative
Menarche and secondary sex characteristic development in the female occur during - .
puberty
The stage of life when individuals become capable for sexual reproduction is called ____.
puberty
The effects of estrogen are ______. Select all that apply.
upregulation of LH receptors in developing follicle positive feedback on LH and FSH secretion inhibition of GnRH release
The changes that take place in the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle is referred to as the _____ cycle.
uterine