3 | Chapter 7: The Muscular System
C
A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n) A. agonist B. antagonist C. synergist D. originator E. levator
C
A muscle that inserts on the body if the mandible is probably involved in A. kissing B. blowing C. chewing D. frowning E. wrinkling the forehead
C
A muscle that inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus is most likely involved in A. flexion B. extension C. lateral rotation D. medial rotation E. abduction
C
A person whose genetic makeup makes them a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more ___________ in their leg muscles. A. fast fibers B. intermediate fibers C. slow fibers D. dark fibers E. non contractile fibers
C
A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by A. conversion of creatine to phosphate B. anaerobic respiration C. aerobic respiration D. the TCA cycle E. C and D
C
Pronation of the forearm is due to the A. brachialis B. triceps brachii C. pronator quadratus D. biceps brachii E. latissimus dorsi
D
Rigor mortis occurs at death due to a lack of A. camp B. DNA C. RNA D. ATP E. TRNA
B
Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that these muscle fibers A. lack a cell membrane B. have many nuclei C. are very small D. lack mitochondria E. all of the above
B
The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the A. zygomaticus B. orbicularis oris C. buccinator D. orbicularis oculi E. temporalis
A
The iliac crest is the origin of A. the qadratus lumborum B. the iliocostalis group C. the longissimus group D. the semispinalis group E. both B and D
C
The major abductor of the upper arm is the A. supraspinatus B. subscapularis C. deltoid D. biceps brachii E. teres major
B
The membranous network of channels within a muscle fiber is the A. sarcolemma B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. myolemma D. sarcoplasm E. actin
A
The more movable end of a muscle is the A. insertion B. belly C. origin D. proximal end E. distal end
A
The muscle which adducts and flexes the humerus is the A. coracobrachialis B. deltoid C. trapezius D. latissimus dorsi E. triceps brachii
A
The muscle which adducts and rotates the scapula laterally is the A. rhomboideus B. levator scapulae C. serratus anterior D. pectoralis mino E. subclavius
A
The muscle which dorsiflexes the foot is the A. tibialis anterior B. tibialis posterior C. soleus D. peroneus E. gastrocnemius
D
The muscle which extends the arm while doing push-ups is the A. deltoid B. pectoralis major C. brachialis D. triceps brachii E. biceps brachii
B
The muscle which inserts on the acromion process of the clavicle and the scapular spine is the A. serratus anterior B. trapezius C. sternocleidomastoid D. pectoralis minor E. levator scapulae
A
The muscle which inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible is the A. temporalis B. masseter C. lateral pterygoid D. medial pterygoid E. platysma
E
The muscle which inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the A. gracilis B. sortorius C. rectus lemoris D. gluteus medius E. gluteus maximus
C
The muscle which inserts on the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the A. internal oblique B. external oblique C. rectus abdominis D. transversus abdominis E. diaphragm
E
The muscle which opposes the gastrocnemius is the A. peroneus B. extensor diaphragm C. soleus D. tibialis posterior E. tibialis anterior
B
The muscle which originates along the entire length of the linea aspera of the femur is the A. vastus lateralis B. vastus medialis C. illiacus D. rectus femoris E. biceps femoris
D
The origin of the frontalis muscle is the A. mandible B. frontal bone C. occipital bone D. galea aponeurotica E. temporal bone
C
The point of near-contact between a skeletal muscle fiber and its controlling motor neuron is the A. synaptic knob B. motor end plate C. neuromuscular junction D. synaptic cleft E. calcium ions
D
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores A. oxygen B. glycogen C. ATP D. calcium ions E. glucose
E
The smooth but steady increase in muscle tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called A. tetany B. a twitch C. relaxation D. recovery E. recruitment
D
The space between the neuron and the muscle is the A. synaptic knob B. motor end plate C. motor unit D. synaptic cleft E. I band
B
The spinal processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae are the origin of the A. levator scapulae B. rhomboideus major C. subclavius D. supraspinatus E. pectoralis major
B
The term used to describe a number of inherited diseases is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and deterioration is A. multiple sclerosis B. muscular dystrophy C. polymyositis D. cystic fibrosis E. myopathy
E
The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension, but do NOT shorten is called A. tetany B. a twitch C. recruitment D. isotonic E. isometric
A
The type of contraction represented by a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence is A. a twitch B. tetany C. recovery D. recruitment E. a spasm
B
The type of muscle fiber that is best adapted for endurance is the A. fast fiber B. slow fiber C. intermediate fiber D. anaerobic fiber E. high density fiber
E
Which of the following hormones regulate(s) calcium and phosphate ion concentrations? A. growth hormone B. calcitonin C. thyroid hormone D. parathyroid hormone E. both B and D
C
Which of the following hormones stimulates growth of muscle tissue and increased muscle mass? A. epinephrine B. thyroid hormone C. testosterone D. parathyroid hormone E. calcitonin
D
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of facial expression? A. buccinator B. zygomaticus C. orbicularis oculi D. masseter E. depressor anguli oris
A
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cardiac muscle? A. Cardiac muscles are not striated. B. Cardiac muscles cannot be tetanized. C. Cardiac muscle fibers are uninucleate. D. Cardiac muscles contain sarcomeres. E. Neurons that innervate cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
C
Active sites on actin become available for binding when A. actin binds to troponin B. troponin binds to tropomyosin C. calcium binds to troponin D. calcium binds to tropomyosin E. myosin binds to troponin
A
Activities that require anaerobic endurance A. require maximal contraction of muscles for short periods of time B. do not use ATP very quickly C. usually do not cause an individual to develop an oxygen debt D. do NOT rely on the energy reserves of creatine phosphate E. have characteristics of all of the above
A
All of the following originate on the scapula EXCEPT the A. pectoralis major B. teres major C. teres minor D. subscapularis E. supraspinatus
C
An increase in the amount of connective tissue in muscles is termed A. fibrosis B. atrophy C. hypertrophy D. hyperdystrophy E. fibromyalgia syndrome
C
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by A. myosin molecules B. troponin molecules C. tropomyosin molecules D. ATP molecules E. calcium ions
B
At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by A. myosin molecules B. troponin molecules C. tropomyosin molecules D. ATP molecules E. calcium ions
B
Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have A. a rich nerve supply B. a rich vascular supply C. very few mitochondria D. little need for oxygen E. all of the above
A
Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the ______ phase of contraction. A. latent B. contraction C. twitch D. relaxation E. recovery
C
Creatine phosphate A. is produced by the process of anaerobic respiration B. can replace ATP in binding to myosin molecules during contraction C. acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue D. is only formed during strenuous exercise E. cannot transfer its phosphate group to ADP
B
Cross-bridges are located on A. actin molecules B. myosin molecules C. troponin molecules D. tropomyosin molecules E. calcium ions
E
During activities requiring aerobic endurance A. glycogen and glycolysis are the primary sources of reserve energy B. oxygen debts are common C. most of the muscle's energy is produced in the mitochondria D. fatigue occurs in a few minutes E. all of the above occur
D
During anaerobic respiration that is termed glycolysis A. ATP is produced B. pyruvic acid is produced C. NAD is oxidized D. A and B only E. all of the above
E
During relaxation, muscles return to their original length because of A. elastic forces B. the contraction of opposing muscles C. the pull of gravity D. the elastic nature of sarcolemma E. all of the above
D
Each of the following changes in the skeletal muscles is a consequence of aging EXCEPT one: A. Muscle fibers become smaller in diameter. B. Muscles become less elastic. C. Muscles fatigue more rapidly. D. Muscle fibers increase their reserves of glycogen. E. Muscle fibers become less efficient.
D
Each of the following is a descriptive word for a muscle's action except one. Identify the exception. A. levator B. extensor C. tensor D. buccinator E. adductor
A
Each thin filament consists of A. a pair of protein strands wound together B. chains of myosin molecules C. six molecules coiled into a helical structure D. a rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end E. a double strand of myosin molecules
E
Fast fibers A. have high resistance to fatigue B. have a high concentration of myoglobin C. have many mitochondria D. contract quickly E. have or do all of the above
A
Fast muscle fibers can develop a larger number of mitochondria in response to A. repeated, exhaustive stimulation B. sustained low levels of muscle activity C. high amounts of oxygen D. increased levels of testosterone E. exercise like jogging and distance swimming
D
How would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscle? A. It would make the muscles less excitable. B. It would produce muscle weakness. C. It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax) D. It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract) E. It would have no effect on skeletal muscles
E
In addition to the number and type of muscle fibers in a muscle, peak athletic performance requires A. a good blood supply and system of blood delivery B. a well-developed respiratory system C. the coordination of the nervous system D. good supplies of nutrients E. all of the above
D
In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases A. acetylcholine B. sodium ions C. potassium ions D. calcium ions E. all of the above
D
In which of the following would the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers be the greatest? A. large muscles of the upper arms B. postural muscles of the back C. muscles that control the eye D. leg muscles E. the calf muscle
C
Increased oxygen consumption would accompany A. increased heat production. B. increased conversion of lactic acid to glucose. C. increased aerobic respiration by muscle cells. D. increased muscle activity E. all of the above
C
Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for A. muscle fatigue B. the conduction of neural information to the muscle fiber C. muscle contraction D. muscle relaxation E. the striped appearance of skeletal muscle
A
Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include the A. rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastrus lateralis, and vastus medialis. B. rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus, adductor longus. C. peroneus, gastrocnemius, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. D. iliopsoas, gracilis, adductor magnus, biceps femoris, and gracilis. E. semitendinosis, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis.
C
Muscles ending in the suffix -costal would be found in the A. head B. neck C. chest D. abdomen E. groin
B
Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna probably act to A. flex the forearm B. extend the forearm C. abduct the forearm D. adduct the forearm E. do none of the above
B
Nerves and blood vessels that service the muscle fibers are located in the connective tissues of the A. endomysium B. perimysium C. sarcolemma D. sarcomere E. myofibrils
A
The _____________ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine A. synaptic knob B. motor end plate C. neuromuscular junction D. synaptic cleft E. calcium ions
D
The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is A. the ability to contract B. the ability to produce more ATP with little oxygen C. the ability to repair the fibers after injury D. the ability to produce large amounts of the enzymes and structural proteins needed for contraction E. none of the above
D
The area of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments if the A. Z line B. M line C. H band D. A band E. I band
E
The area of the sarcomere that contains only thin filaments is the A. Z line B. M line C. H band D. A band E. I band
D
The bacterium that causes tetanus produces a toxin that affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscles producing powerful tetanic contractions of the skeletal muscles. The toxin probably acts by A. increasing the amount of acetylcholinesterase in the synapse. B. making the cells less permeable to sodium ions. C. increasing the amount of potassium ion in the intercellular fluid. D. making cell membranes more permeable to calcium ion. E. competing with acetylcholine for receptors on the muscle fiber membrane.
B
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to the bone is called a(n) A. fascicle B. tendon C. ligament D. epimysium E. myofibril
A
The cell membrane of skeletal muscle is called the A. sarcolemma B. sarcomere C. sarcosome D. sarcoplasmic reticulum E. sarcoplasm
C
The command to contract is distributed throughout a muscle fiber by the A. sarcolemma B. sarcomere C. transverse tubules D. myotubules E. myofibrils
B
The complex known as the triad consists of A. actin, myosin, and myofilaments B. transverse tubule and terminal cisternae C. myofilaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres D. A bands, H bands, and I bands E. actin, myosin, and sarcomeres
E
The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the A. sarcolemma B. sarcomere C. sarcosome D. sarcoplasmic reticulum E. sarcoplasm
B
The degree of relative movement is greater than the A. pelvic girdle B. pectoral girdle
A
The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the A. endomysium B. perimysium C. epimysium D. sarcolemma E. periosteum
B
The dense layer of collagen fibers that surround an entire skeletal muscle is the A. tendon B. epimysium C. endomysium D. perimysium E. fascicle
B
The functional unit of skeletal muscle is the A. sarcolemma B. sarcomere C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. myofibril E. myofilament
A
Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to the A. Z line B. M line C. H band D. A band E. I band
E
Tom is having difficulty plantar flexing and inverting his right foot. Which muscle(s) is/are most likely involved in this problem? A. tibialis anterior B. soleus C. gastrocnemius D. flexor digitorum E. both B and C
B
Tom, a trumpet player, asks you which muscles he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter. What should you tell him? A. the masseter and buccinator B. the buccinator and orbicularis oris C. the orbicularis oris and risorius D. the risorius and zygomaticus E. the levator labii and mentalis
D
Vitamin D, a necessary component for Ca++ absorption from the intestine, is synthesized in which of the following systems? A. lymphatic B. respiratory C. urinary D. integumentary E. skeletal
A
When a calcium ion binds to troponin, A. tropomyosin moves out of the groove between the actin molecules B. active sites on the myosin are exposed C. actin heads will bind to myosin D. muscle relaxation occurs E. all of the above occur
B
When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted or lactic acid levels increase, A. an oxygen debt is repaid B. fatigue occurs C. relaxation occurs D. tetany occurs E. atrophy occurs
C
Which of the following activities would employ isometric contractions? A. flexing the forearm B. chewing food C. maintaining an upright posture D. running E. writing
C
Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior? A. adducts the arm B. adducts and flexes the humerus C. protracts shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula D. medial rotation of the humerus E. lateral rotation of the humerus
B
Which of the following describes the action(s) of the digastric? A. elevates the larynx B. elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible C. depresses the larynx D. depresses and retracts the tongue E. elevates the mandible
B
Which of the following does NOT move the shoulder girdle? A. pectoralis major B. deltoid C. serratus anterior D. rhomboideus E. trapezius
C
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? A. Smooth muscle fibers are uninucleate. B. Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under voluntary control. C. Smooth muscles are not striated. D. Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres. E. Smooth muscles may be tetanized.
D
Which of the following is a spinal flexor? A. iliocostalis group B. spinalis group C. longissimus group D. quadratus lumborum E. both A and B
E
Which of the following is a(are) function(s) of skeletal muscle? A. product movement B. maintain posture C. maintain body temperature D. A and B only E. all of the above
B
Which of the following is greater? A. the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle B. the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle
B
Which of the following is the insertion of the pectoralis minor? A. the vertebral border near the spine B. coracoid process of the scapula C. mastoid region of the skull D. the occipital bone of the skull E. clavicle and scapula
C
Which of the following is the origin of the supinator? A. olecranon process of the ulna B. infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula C. lateral epicondyle of the humerus D. medial epicondyle of the humerus E. base of the second metacarpal
D
Which of the following muscles compress the abdomen? A. diaphragm B. serratus anterior C. rectus abdominis D. transversus abdominis E. both A and D
A
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the cartilages of the ribs? A. internal oblique B. external intercostals C. transversus abdominis D. internal intercostals E. both A and B
A
Which of the following muscles would contract most forcefully? A. a muscle receiving 10 action potentials per second B. a muscle receiving 20 action potentials per second
A
Which of the following muscles would produce the most tension? A. a muscle with 20 motor units active B. a muscle with 10 motor units active
C
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT A. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move elements of the skeleton B. Skeletal muscles are responsible for guarding the openings of the digestive and urinary tracts C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart D. Skeletal muscles support the weight of some internal organs E. Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature
