302 exam 2

49. What was the name of the individual in the video called "Stupid in America" who visited Washington, D.C. public schools and found that kids attended class only during the periods for the teachers they liked? a. John Stossel b. Matt Damon C. Michelle Phiffer D. Michelle Rhee

D. Michelle Rhee

13. When it comes to basic, core values (e.g., religion, work, education) diversity _______ is much more striking than are differences _______. a. within the adolescent population; between the generations b. between the generations; within the adult population. c. within families; within the adolescent population d. between families; within individuals

a. within the adolescent population; between the generations

29. As age segregation has increased over the decades, a. youth problems have not increased at the same rate b. youth problems have increased at the same rate. c. youth problems have increased 5 times the rate of age segregation d. youth problems have increased at 10 times the rate of age segregation

a. youth problems have not increased at the same rate

23. What factors would explain the fact that Dorothy and Rose, sisters who are only 1 year apart in age, have different memories of their family life as they were growing up. a. shared environment b. nonshared environment c. genetic factors d. differentiated environment

b. nonshared environment

1. The universal process through which an individual's position or status is changed by society is called: a. collective efficacy b. social redefinition c. social-specification d. self-image stability

b. social redefiniton

12. the fact that most books for parents of teenagers tend to focus on the problems instead of normative development is concerning because: a. the stereotypes are usually based on facts b. the more parents believe in the stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers become c. most parents have no idea what to expect when their children reach adolescence d. the more parents believe that they are going to have a difficult time with their adolescent, the less likely that the parents will create a self-fulfilling prophecy.

b. the more parents believe in the stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers become.

34. The Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the town's adolescents. The program had an iatrogenic effect, meaning: a. the program was successful and delinquent behavior was reduced b. the program backfired and delinquent behavior increased c. there were no effects of delinquent behavior, either positive or negative d. some problem behaviors increased and others decreased

b. the program backfired and delinquent behavior increased.

30. One reason that some adolescents might begin to break free from their same-sex cliques and venture out to socialize with adolescents of the opposite sex, could be because a. they have been rejected from their same-sex cliques b. they begin to have romantic feelings for someone of the opposite sex c. they have a high attractiveness rating d. they need help with homework

c. they have a high attractiveness rating

48. "Race to the Top" can be defined as: a. a school reform policy enacted by President Bush in 2002, which mandated that students should achieve a specified standardized test level or schools would face closure b. level of income, the family's education levels and occupation status, as well as a measure of the family's social status relative to others c. a school reform policy enacted by President Obama in which schools were challenged to set higher standards but there were no longer any standardized tests d. a school reform policy enacted by President Obama in which schools were challenged to set higher standards and meet standardized testing goals

d. a school reform policy enacted by President Obama in which schools were challenged to set higher standards and meet standardized testing goals

17. The identity crisis of adolescence may interact with the ______ in increasing family conflict. a. hormonal surges of puberty b. stage theorists' description of cognitive development c. intergenerational conflict with parents d. midlife crisis of adults

d. midlife crisis of adults

15. when it comes to matters like religion, adolescents are more likely to be influenced by _____ over ______. a. friends; parents b. media; friends c. media; parents d. parents; friends

d. parents; friends

22. Over the course of adolescence, relationships among siblings become more egalitarian but _____ distant and ______ emotionally intense. a. more;less b. less; more c. more; more d. less; less

a. more; less

4. Which of the following statements about the inventionist perspective is true? a. adolescence is a separate period that has been largely determined by the broader social environment b. adolescence is driven by the physiological changes of puberty c. the cognitive advances of adolescence are what makes this period distinct from all others d. adolescence is not a distinct period of the life cycle and should not be regarded as such.

a. adolescence is a separate period that has been largely determined by the broader social environment

36. The main reason that reactive aggression is associated with unpopularity and greater problems with peers is that reactive aggression is characterized by a combination of: a. aggression and poor emotion regulation or lack of social skills b. bad karma and well-developed social skills c. delinquent behaviors and extreme shyness in social situations d. being female and plotting an aggressive response in advance

a. aggression and poor emotion regulation or lack of social skills

20. Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles? a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. indulgent d. indifferent

a. authoritative

46. Schools which offer not only general education, but also vocational training, and college prep courses are called: a. comprehensive schools b. private schools c. public schools d. magnet schools

a. comprehensive schools

43. Which of the following is not a factor that moved children out of the workplace? a. discrimination against young workers b. a need for workers who are more skilled and more reliable than children c. the strength needed to perform unskilled labor d. child labor laws

a. discrimination against young workers

26. Some commentators have proposed that today's youth are so age segregated that problems such as youth unemployment, teenage suicide, juvenile delinquency, and drug and alcohol use have resulted because adolescents: a. have become alienated from and unfamiliar with the values of adults b. have developed a great deal of anger toward adults c. look at their country's leaders and see what a low standard has been set in terms of education, so they follow these role models. d. are not challenged by today's educational curriculum

a. have become alienated from and unfamiliar with the values of adults

38. Even though it was clear that another student, Raul accidentally pushed Noah, he insisted that Raul did it on purpose. What phenomenon is this? a. hostile attributional bias b. status bias c. in-group vs. out-group d. iatrogenic effect

a. hostile attributional bias

6. The status of adolescents as full-time students arose as a result of: a. .the industrial revolution b. increases in agrarian knowledge c. ... d...

a. industrial revolution

16. Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents? a. on how to wear his hair b. on the issue of capital punishment c. on the choice of religious preference d. on the value of a college education

a. on how to wear his hair

2. today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ____ longer a. puberty; school b. marriage; school c. school; puberty d. school; marriage

a. puberty;school

18. Felicia is very warm and accepting to both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few expectations. The characteristics that best describe her are: a. responsive and demanding b. demanding and submissive c. lenient and indulgent d. submissive and responsive

a. responsive and demanding

27. About what percentage of an adolescent's waking hours are spent with their parents? a. 7-9% b. 13-15% c. 19-21% d. 30-33%

b. 13-15%

21. Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style? a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. indulgent d. indifferent

b. authoritarian

50. A school that is funded by public funds, but often have a specialty "track," and freedom in how it is operated is called a a. public school b. charter school c. private school d. secondary school

b. charter school

39. All of the following are events that contributed to the increase in popularity of secondary education except: a. industrialization b. euthanizaton c. urbanization d. immigration

b. euthanization

33. One day after school, Jasmine watched as a freshman pushed an eighth grader up against the lockers and yelled at him that he was a loser. Jasmine experienced what is called a. adolescent aggression b. indirect bullying c. the hostile attribution error d. direct bullying

b. indirect bullying

42. Secondary education refers to: a. second grade b. middle school, junior high school, high school c. college d. graduate school

b. middle school, junior high school, and high school

47. One example of school reform policies being based on goals of the country can be found in which of the following events that we discussed in class? a. race integration in schools b. the race to space between the Soviet Union and the United States c. the vietnam war d. the invention to television

b. the race to space between Soviet Union and the United States

5. in the 19th century, what distinguished children from adults? a. what job they performed b. whether they owned property c. marital status d. religious confirmation

b. whether they owned property

24. According to the textbook, approximately ______ of marriages will end in divorce. a. 10-20% b. 30-40% c. 40-50% d. 50-60%

c. 40-50%

40. How did immigration influence the rise of popularity of secondary education? a. The government sought to provide secondary education as a way to improve the lives of the poor and working class families b. Child advocate workers argued that machines should be operated by responsible adults, and adolescents were sent out of factories to attend school.l c. The government felt that by providing secondary education for adolescents, they were providing foreign-born immigrants with a way to be socialized in the American way of life.

c. The government felt that by providing secondary education for the adolescents, they were providing foreign-born immigrants with a way to be socialized in the american way of life

32. Sociometric popularity can be defined as: a. an unintended condition that occurs as the result of a treatment b. a type of popularity which refers to the status of an individual c. a type of popularity which refers to how much people are well liked by others d. a method of research in which every member of a group evaluates every other member of the group

c. a type of popularity which refers to how much people are well liked by others

25. The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called: a. manstreaming b. tracking c. age grading d. reference grouping

c. age grading

28. One reason that adolescents have begun to spend an increasing amount of time with their peers in the last several decades is because of: a. an increase in adolescent jobs b. a decrease in divorce rates c. age segregation d. demands on parent time

c. age segregation

14. research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that most adolescents: a. experience considerable storm and stress in relationships with parents b. resent their parents and revel against their restrictions c. appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents d. become even closer to parents, and report almost no disruptions in their relationships with them

c. appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents

41. Enrollment in secondary school in the United States from from 1900-2000. a. decreased b. increased slightly c. increased dramatically d. stayed about the same

c. increased dramatically

10. the Bat Mitzvah, the confirmation, and the quincenera are all examples of: a. graduation b. inventionism c. initiation ceremonies d. universal rights of passage

c. initiation ceremonies

35. Adolescents who use aggression deliberately, known as ___________, are much more popular than adolescents who use aggression without planning to, known as _______. a. reactive formation; reactive aggression b. Machaivellian aggression; instrumental aggression c. instrumental aggression; reactive aggression d. relational aggression, instrumental aggression

c. instrumental aggression, reactive aggression

3. dr. jones argues that adolescence is primarily a social invention rather than a biological or cognitive phenomenon. Her view that the broader environment influences our conception of adolescence is most in line with the: a. piagetian perspective b. psychometric perspective c. inventionist perspective d. contextual perspective

c. inventionist perspective

31. A type of popularity which refers to the status of an individual is called a. clique b. sociometric popularity c. perceived popularity d. sociometric method

c. perceived popularity

19. Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as: a. authoritarian b. nonresponsive c. permissive d. demanding

c. permissive

8. psychologist Jeffery Arnett has suggested that 18-to-25-year-olds are caught between adolescents and adulthood in "emerging adulthood," which is characterized by all but which of the following? a. functioning as an independent person b. exploring possible identities before making permanent choices c. .the subjective feeling of emotional immaturity d. the subjective feeling that life is full of possibilities

c. the subjective feeling of emotional immaturity

45. A shift in society in which the people live in more populated areas as opposed to rural areas is called a. industrialization b. euthaniaztion c. urbanization d. immigration

c. urbanization

7. During the industrial revolution, child protectionists argued that: a. a separate justice system must exist for juvenilles b. adolescents needed parental permission to marry c. young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good d. adolescent music was too controversial and needed to be censored

c. young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good

37. Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what? a. reactive aggression b. friendly fire aggression c. relative aggression d. relational aggression

d. relational aggression

11. Changes in social deifnition will likely have profound effects on developments in the domains of: a. achievement, spirituality, and identity b. achievement, sexuality, and autonomy c. sexuality, achievement, and identity d. sexuality, autonomy, achievement, and identity

d. sexuality, autonomy, achievement, and identity

9. What might explain why adolescence has been elongated? a. the delayed onset of puberty b. recent brain imaging studies that have indicated that the prefrontal cortex is still developing until the age of 25 c. the failure of young adults to settle down in marriage-like relationships d. the increased importance of formal education in making a successful transition into adult roles

d. the increased importance of formal education in making a successful transition into adult roles

44. The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called: a. mainstreaming b. desegregation c. acceleration d. tracking

d. tracking