305 start w/ ch 25
friction rub
high pitched sound resulting from rubbing between inflamed pericardial surfaces
primary treatment goal of CHF
relieving symptoms
A college student is in pre-op area prior to knee surgery. The nurse attaches the cardiac monitor and notes a gradual lengthening and shortening between the R waves. The nurse realizes that this rhythm is most often found in people with healthy hearts. This rhythm is a respiratory:
sinus dysrhythmia
most common cause of infective endocarditis
staph infection
What leads to Rheumatic Fever
strep throat
varicose vein treatments
Sclerotherapy or surgery
Which of the following is the site of chylomicron synthesis?
Small intestine
The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is called what?
Stroke volume
ST segment elevation
myocardial infarction
stenosis
narrowing
P wave
atrial depolarization
refactoriness
extent to which cell is able to respond to an incoming stimulus
Why is morphine considered the drug of choice in STEMI?
Action decreases metabolic demands of the heart.
The nurse knows that there are many different groups of antihypertensive drugs having varied mechanisms of action. Which medication decreases the exit of adrenergic (sympathetic) stimulation from the central nervous system, thereby decreasing sympathetic outflow?
An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
A client taking an antihypertensive drug for several months comes to the physician's office with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia arises from which form of reentry?
Arterioventricular (AV) nodal
Which antiarrhythmic medication works by blunting the effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart?
Beta-blockers, such as metoprolol
A client's echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the:
Bicuspid valve (mitral)
A nurse in a nursing home is concerned that a resident may be developing left-sided heart failure. Manifestations of left-sided heart failure would include which symptom?
Dyspnea, cough
A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute pain in his left lower leg. The practitioner is unable to palpate pedal pulses and finds the client to be in atrial fibrillation. Which test will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli?
Echocardiogram
A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect?
Elevation of triglycerides
What is the most important factor in myocardial oxygen demand?
Heart rate
An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug?
Hypotension
which organ has larger capillary pores to allow the exchange of gases, nutrients, and/or waste products?
Liver
A nurse is assessing a female client and notes that her left arm is swollen from the shoulder down to the fingers, with non-pitting edema. The right arm is normal. The client had a left-sided mastectomy 1 year ago. What does the nurse suspect is the problem?
Lymphedema
A client is admitted for observation due to abnormal heart sounds, pulmonary congestion, nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea, and orthopnea. Upon auscultation a low-pitched, rumbling murmur, best heard at the apex of the heart, is also heard. Which condition does the client likely have?
Mitral valve stenosis
Nitroglycerin is the drug of choice in treating angina. What does nitroglycerin release into the vascular smooth muscle of the target tissues?
Nitric oxide
ecg letter
P, Q, R, S, T
In the circulatory system, pressure is inversely related to which factor?
Volume
excitibility
ability of cell to respond to an impulse and generate and AP
conductivity
ability to conduct impulses
when is gestational hypertension usually developed
after 20th week
treatment of afib
anticoagulants and cardioversion
ANP and BNP bad or good
bad. heart failure.
drug for mitral valve collapse
beta blockers
mean arterial pressure
cardiac output x peripheral resistance
why is rheumatic fever so dangerous
disabling effects on heart valves
The nurse knows that which group of antihypertensive drugs is usually the least expensive and are well tolerated?
diuretics
biggest concern of afib
emboli
Which serum biomarker is highly specific for myocardial tissue?
troponin
A client who has been admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of a STEMI is given nitroglycerine. The nurse explains to the client's wife that this medication is given for which reason? Select all that apply.
vasodilation and pain relief
QRS
ventricular depolarization
When explaining a new diagnosis of complete heart block to a client and family, the nurse should include which statement?
"One consequence of this type of block is a very slow heart rate that limits circulation to the brain."
Chronic stable angina, associated with inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium, is caused by:
Chronic stable angina, associated with inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium, is caused by:
T or F most ecg detected ischemic events cause a great deal of pain
F, most are clinically silent
An intensive care nurse caring for a client who is diagnosed with an anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) notes frequent premature ventricular complexes on the ECG monitor and is concerned the client could develop a lethal dysrhythmia if one of the premature ventricular complexes fires on which phase of the cardiac action potential?
Relative refractory period ends
A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for hypertension. The nurse knows that ACE inhibitors are contraindicated by which clinical condition?
Renal artery stenosis
A client has prominent jugular veins. What type of medical problem is associated with prominent jugular veins?
Right-sided heart failure
A 60-year-old woman who has lost an extensive amount of blood in a work-related accident says that when her blood pressure was checked in the hospital, the top number (systolic pressure) was lower than usual but the bottom number (diastolic pressure) was about the same. The nurse recognizes that which reason accounts for this lack of change in the diastolic pressure?
Systemic vasoconstriction maintained the diastolic pressure.
A client diagnosed with giant cell arteritis will likely experience pain located in which region of the head?
Temporal
During an assessment of a client with ankle swelling, the nurse observes jugular venous pulsations 5 cm above the sternal angle when the head of his bed is elevated 45 degrees. What is the correct interpretation of this finding?
The client has increased pressure related to right-sided heart failure.
A 54-year-old man with a long-standing diagnosis of essential hypertension is meeting with his physician. The client's physician would anticipate that which phenomenon is most likely occurring?
The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption.
Downstream peripheral pulses have a higher pulse pressure because the pressure wave travels faster than the blood itself. What occurs in peripheral arterial disease?
The pulse decreases, rather than increases, in amplitude.
Which of the troponin complexes is diagnostic of a myocardial infarction?
Troponin T and troponin I
The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:
Unknown
Which pathogenesis is primarily responsible for Raynaud phenomenon?
Vasospasm causing excessive vasoconstriction
resistance vessels
arteries and arterioles
what disorders constitute a CABG?
atherosclerosis and unstable angina
tetralogy or fallot
closure of verntricular septal defect and relief or r ventricular outflow obstruction
first degree av block
prolonged PR interval >0.2 sec