3.3-3.4 questions
England
___ and France fought in the Hundred Years' War from 1337-1453.
Capetians
family of French monarchs who tried to increase royal power by taking power away from the nobles and Church
John
incompetent English king forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
habeas corpus
legal principle that prevents people from being unlawfully imprisoned or punished
cannon
new weapon introduced during the Hundred Years' War which made feudal warfare obsolete
oath, ordeal, combat
one of three methods Germanic tribes used as a way for an accused person to prove his guilt or innocence
Harold of Wessex
person chosen by the Witan to be heir to the English throne upon the death of Edward the Confessor
mutual obligation
phrase which applies to feudalism which essentially means that everybody gives something and everybody gets something
Eleanor of Aquitaine
queen of both France and England and mother of three more kings of England, who brought huge amounts of territory to England on her marriage to Henry II
Alfred the Great
ruler of Wessex who became first king of united England
Domesday Book
survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror which allowed him to tax efficiently and plan for defense
primogeniture
term for European practice of leaving all of a lord's land to the oldest son upon the lord's death
confederation
term for a loose alliance among a group of states
lord
term for a person of noble birth who owned land
knight
term for a person of noble birth who worked as a soldier for a lord
vassal
term for a person who owed military service to a lord in return for land
manor
term for a piece of land owned by a lord which included a house, fields, defensive walls, village, and church
hierarchical
term for a society in which lower classes have more people and fewer rights and privileges, and higher classes have fewer people and more rights and privileges
Feudalism
term for the decentralized political system which prevailed in early Medieval Europe
Serfs
term for the lowest class in feudal society; these people were bound to the land where they were born
Emperor of the Romans
title given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III which strengthened his credibility among Christians and annoyed the Byzantines
Hastings
The Battle of ___, sometimes called the Norman Conquest, occurred in England in 1066.
very little
The Holy Roman Emperor had (choose one: lots of/very little) power.
Germany
The Holy Roman Empire in the Postclassical period roughly corresponds to modern-day ___.
Nationalism
The Hundred Years' War helped contribute to the decline of feudalism by leading to a rise in ___.
claimed all land belonged to him, gave land to those who had helped conquer England, made all lords his vassals, surveyed England, taxed England
What was one way in which William the Conqueror increased royal power in England?
Magna Carta
English document which stated, among other things, that all nobles had rights and that the king was not above the law
Charlemagne
Frankish king who used military tactics to create a Frankish empire
Philip Augustus
French king who fought with English Plantagenet kings to regain lost French territory, increasing the power of the French monarchy
Joan of Arc
French teenager who helped the French army break the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years' War and who served as a national rallying point for the French
Franks
Germanic tribe with the most success in setting up a stable state
William the Conqueror
Norman duke who invaded England in 1066, becoming the English king