3.3-3.4 questions

England

___ and France fought in the Hundred Years' War from 1337-1453.

Capetians

family of French monarchs who tried to increase royal power by taking power away from the nobles and Church

John

incompetent English king forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215

habeas corpus

legal principle that prevents people from being unlawfully imprisoned or punished

cannon

new weapon introduced during the Hundred Years' War which made feudal warfare obsolete

oath, ordeal, combat

one of three methods Germanic tribes used as a way for an accused person to prove his guilt or innocence

Harold of Wessex

person chosen by the Witan to be heir to the English throne upon the death of Edward the Confessor

mutual obligation

phrase which applies to feudalism which essentially means that everybody gives something and everybody gets something

Eleanor of Aquitaine

queen of both France and England and mother of three more kings of England, who brought huge amounts of territory to England on her marriage to Henry II

Alfred the Great

ruler of Wessex who became first king of united England

Domesday Book

survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror which allowed him to tax efficiently and plan for defense

primogeniture

term for European practice of leaving all of a lord's land to the oldest son upon the lord's death

confederation

term for a loose alliance among a group of states

lord

term for a person of noble birth who owned land

knight

term for a person of noble birth who worked as a soldier for a lord

vassal

term for a person who owed military service to a lord in return for land

manor

term for a piece of land owned by a lord which included a house, fields, defensive walls, village, and church

hierarchical

term for a society in which lower classes have more people and fewer rights and privileges, and higher classes have fewer people and more rights and privileges

Feudalism

term for the decentralized political system which prevailed in early Medieval Europe

Serfs

term for the lowest class in feudal society; these people were bound to the land where they were born

Emperor of the Romans

title given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III which strengthened his credibility among Christians and annoyed the Byzantines

Hastings

The Battle of ___, sometimes called the Norman Conquest, occurred in England in 1066.

very little

The Holy Roman Emperor had (choose one: lots of/very little) power.

Germany

The Holy Roman Empire in the Postclassical period roughly corresponds to modern-day ___.

Nationalism

The Hundred Years' War helped contribute to the decline of feudalism by leading to a rise in ___.

claimed all land belonged to him, gave land to those who had helped conquer England, made all lords his vassals, surveyed England, taxed England

What was one way in which William the Conqueror increased royal power in England?

Magna Carta

English document which stated, among other things, that all nobles had rights and that the king was not above the law

Charlemagne

Frankish king who used military tactics to create a Frankish empire

Philip Augustus

French king who fought with English Plantagenet kings to regain lost French territory, increasing the power of the French monarchy

Joan of Arc

French teenager who helped the French army break the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years' War and who served as a national rallying point for the French

Franks

Germanic tribe with the most success in setting up a stable state

William the Conqueror

Norman duke who invaded England in 1066, becoming the English king