34 PREDIACTRICS

35. Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: A. alcohol. B. child abuse. C. hyperthermia. D. swimming pools.

A. alcohol.

19. Children with Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) would MOST likely present with: A. cherry-red spots or a purplish rash. B. a low-grade fever and tachycardia. C. a generalized rash with intense itching. D. hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation

A. cherry-red spots or a purplish rash.

30. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. B. his or her blood pressure falls with as little as 5% blood loss. C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock.

A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults.

2. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: A. intercostal muscles are not well developed. B. rib cage is rigid and provides little flexibility. C. abdominal organs force the diaphragm upward. D. upper airway is smaller and is easily collapsible.

A. intercostal muscles are not well developed.

41. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: A. intracranial bleeding. B. multiple open fractures. C. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. D. fracture of the cervical spine.

A. intracranial bleeding.

6. The first month of life after birth is MOST appropriately referred to as the: A. neonatal period. B. toddler period. C. start of infancy. D. premature phase.

A. neonatal period.

47. Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth: A. secretions can build up in and around the tube. B. the risk of a local infection is significantly high. C. bleeding or air leakage may occur around the tube. D. severe swelling of the trachea and bronchi can occur.

A. secretions can build up in and around the tube.

37. Bruising to the _______ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. A. shins B. back C. face D. buttocks

A. shins

49. A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called a: A. shunt. B. G-tube. C. CS tube. D. cerebral bypass.

A. shunt.

18. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. sunken fontanels. B. headache and fever. C. a stiff or painful neck. D. an altered mental status.

A. sunken fontanels.

12. When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: A. they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. B. it is generally not necessary to explain procedures in advance. C. they often request medication to help in the relief of severe pain. D. they cannot understand complex concepts and treatment options.

A. they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure.

46. When caring for an infant who was found apneic and cyanotic and was resuscitated by the parent or caregiver, you should: A. transport the infant to the hospital. B. report the event to law enforcement. C. allow the parent to monitor the child. D. inquire about the possibility of abuse.

A. transport the infant to the hospital.

24. The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. B. are more obvious than they are in the adult population. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. D. are most severe if the child ingested a poisonous substance.

A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight.

8. A child may begin to show signs of stranger anxiety as early as: A. 6 months. B. 12 months. C. 18 months. D. 24 months.

B. 12 months.

21. Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: A. 3 months and 4 years of age. B. 6 months and 6 years of age. C. 8 months and 8 years of age. D. 18 months and 10 years of age.

B. 6 months and 6 years of age

4. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ____ breaths per minute. A. 50 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80

B. 60

39. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: A. child abuse should be reported only if it can be proven. B. EMT-Bs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. D. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse.

B. EMT-Bs must report all suspected cases of child abuse.

17. Which of the following factors is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? A. Newborn age B. Female gender C. Recent head trauma D. Children with VP shunts

B. Female gender

32. Which of the following statements regarding use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) in children is MOST correct? A. The abdominal compartment should always be fully inflated. B. They are rarely used in treating children with traumatic shock. C. You can place both of the child's legs in one leg compartment. D. They should be applied to any child with obvious signs of shock.

B. They are rarely used in treating children with traumatic shock.

15. The EMT-B should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: A. chills. B. a rash. C. ear pain. D. a headache.

B. a rash.

45. During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: A. discourage the family from observing. B. allow the family to observe if they wish. C. a law enforcement officer must be present. D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents.

B. allow the family to observe if they wish.

9. Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: A. in the ambulance. B. at the hands or feet. C. from head to toe. D. en route to the hospital.

B. at the hands or feet.

50. A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning. You should: A. attempt to troubleshoot the ventilator problem. B. discontinue the ventilator and ventilate with a BVM device. C. place a call to the home health agency treating this patient. D. reset the ventilator by unplugging it for 30 to 60 seconds

B. discontinue the ventilator and ventilate with a BVM device.

40. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. B. have a female EMT-B accompany her if possible. C. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury. D. immediately report your suspicions to the parents.

B. have a female EMT-B accompany her if possible.

23. Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. infection. B. hyperglycemia. C. electrolyte imbalances. D. poisonings or ingestion.

B. hyperglycemia.

34. Critical burns in children include: A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. B. partial-thickness burns covering greater than 20% of the body surface. C. second-degree burns that cover greater than 10% of the body surface. D. superficial burns that cover greater than 10% to 15% of the body surface.

B. partial-thickness burns covering greater than 20% of the body surface.

27. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. D. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

11. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. C. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. D. rely solely on the parent for information.

B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

29. When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: A. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. C. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. D. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall.

B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking.

26. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is MOST correct? A. Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car. B. The child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. C. Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma.

C. Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries

1. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? A. The tracheal rings of a child are more rigid than an adult's. B. A child's tongue is proportionately smaller than an adult's. C. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. D. The child's epiglottis is less floppy and smaller than an adult's.

C. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.

36. Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? A. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene B. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution C. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver D. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury

C. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

42. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is MOST correct? A. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months of age. D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months of age.

25. When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? A. What time did the ingestion occur? B. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? C. Why did your child ingest the poison? D. Do you know what substance was ingested?

C. Why did your child ingest the poison?

20. When caring for a child with suspected meningitis, it is MOST important for the EMT-B to: A. give 100% oxygen. B. transport to the hospital. C. adhere to BSI precautions. D. assist ventilations if needed.

C. adhere to BSI precautions.

7. The primary mechanism that a child's body uses to compensate for decreased perfusion is: A. peripheral vasoconstriction. B. increased cardiac contraction. C. an increase in heart rate. D. increased respiratory depth.

C. an increase in heart rate.

13. When caring for an ill 5-year-old male, you should: A. not expect him to be able to identify areas of pain when asked. B. gain his trust by explaining that a painful procedure will not hurt. C. avoid separating him from his parents or caregivers when possible. D. defer painful procedures, even if the child is clinically unstable.

C. avoid separating him from his parents or caregivers when possible.

43. Risk factors for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. mother is younger than 20 years of age. B. low weight of the baby at the time of birth. C. babies who were put to sleep on their back. D. mother smoked cigarettes during pregnancy.

C. babies who were put to sleep on their back.

3. Pale skin in a child indicates that the: A. child is in severe decompensated shock. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. child's core body temperature is elevated.

C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

31. Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: A. the growth plate is commonly injured. B. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. C. their bones bend more easily than an adult's. D. twisting injuries are more common in children.

C. their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

14. The MOST common cause of dehydration in children is: A. high fever. B. internal blood loss. C. vomiting and diarrhea. D. refusal to drink fluids.

C. vomiting and diarrhea.

5. An infant's fontanels should close completely by the time he or she is: A. 8 months old. B. 12 months old. C. 14 months old. D. 18 months old.

D. 18 months old.

38. Which of the following should make you MOST suspicious for child abuse? A. Worried or crying parents B. A laceration to the child's chin C. Willingness of the child to speak D. Bruises in various stages of healing

D. Bruises in various stages of healing

28. Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? A. Spinal cord injury B. Loss of consciousness C. Seizures and hypoxia D. Nausea and vomiting

D. Nausea and vomiting

10. Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is MOST correct? A. They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment. B. Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation. C. The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old. D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

16. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: A. of more than 2 to 3 degrees per hour. B. secondary to a severe bacterial infection. C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. D. caused by inability of the body to cool itself.

D. caused by inability of the body to cool itself.

33. Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hot items on a stovetop. B. scalding water in a bathtub. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. D. entrapment in a structural fire.

D. entrapment in a structural fire.

44. Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. child abuse. B. meningitis. C. severe infection. D. hyperglycemia.

D. hyperglycemia.

22. Febrile seizures in a child: A. typically last less than 30 minutes. B. occur after a week of a febrile illness. C. are usually caused by viral meningitis. D. may indicate a serious underlying illness.

D. may indicate a serious underlying illness.

48. Common complications associated with central intravenous (IV) lines include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a local infection. B. clotting of the line. C. bleeding around the line. D. rupture of a central vein.

D. rupture of a central vein.