3700 Intro to Intelligence (Ohio State)

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Mirror Imaging

1. Assuming another state or person will act just the way a particular country or person does. There are three types: i. Foreign ii. Domestic iii. Homeland

4 pitfalls of Analysis

1. Groupthink 2. Mirror Imaging 3. Evil Empire dilemma 4. Rational Actor Theory

5 Intelligence Disciplines

1. HUMIT 2. SIGNT 3. MASINT 4. IMINT 5. OSINT

The Intelligence Cycle:

1. Planning and Direction 2. Collection 3. Processing 4. Analysis 5. Dissemination

4 Basic Components of Central Intelligence Agency

1. The National Clandestine Service 2. The Directorate of Intelligence 3. The Directorate of Science & Technology 4. The Directorate of Support.

4 qualities of good analysis

1. Timely 2. Relevant 3. Objective 4. Easily Digestible

Clientism

A political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations

Basics of Collection

Acquiring information and provisioning that information to processing and production elements.

Mirror Imaging (Analysis)

American mindset

Timely (Analysis)

Briefing books before summits Memo's before phone calls Info before window of action has closed

Coast Guard Intelligence

Broad responsibilities include protecting citizens from the sea, protecting America from threats delivered by the sea, and protecting the sea itself

Priorities framework

Broadest evaluation in the Intelligence Community

Groupthink

Coming together as a collective group to tackle a problem

Confidence Levels

Confidence an analyst has in his decision making

Crosswalks

Coordinate and make decisions between programs

Rational Actor Theory (Analysis)

Countries will always act in countries best interest

Requirements

Defining the policy issues or areas to which intelligence is expected to make a contribution

Defense Intelligence Agency

Department of Defense combat support agency. Major producer and manager of foreign military intelligence and provides military intelligence to warfighters, defense policymakers and force planners

National Reconnaissance Office

Designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance satellites

Dissemination (In the Intelligence Cycle)

Distribution of the finished intelligence to the consumers The policymakers then make decisions based on the information given and these decisions may lead to the levying of more requirements, thus triggering the Intelligence Cycle all over again.

Objective (Analysis)

Don't support or undercut policy No opinions or bias No loaded adjectives

Department of State

Focal point within the " " for all policy issues and activities involving the Intelligence Community.

Planning and Direction

Given from policymakers CIA can tell policymakers if new issues become relevant

Footnote wars

Going back and forth in footnotes on a report about your separate point of view on the same issue

HUMIT

Human Intelligence (i) Human Sources (ii) Espionage and clandestine activities

IMINT

Imagery Intelligence (i) Film, electronic display devices, media (ii) Cover and concealment can prevent this type of intelligence

Intelligence

Information that meets the stated or understood needs of policy makers and has been collected, processed, and narrowed to meet those needs

Processing

Involves converting the vast amount of information collected to form usable information to analysts through decryption, language translations, and data reduction.

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Is responsible for understanding threats to our national security and penetrating national and transnational networks that have a desire and capability to harm the U.S

Priority Creep

Issues moving up and down in a priority system

Groupthink (Analysis)

Just going along with the group

Air Force Intelligence

Leading provider of finished intelligence deprived from airborne, space, and cyberspace sensors. Can target anywhere on the globe

Navy Intelligence

Leading provider of maritime intelligence to the U.S.

Army Intelligence

Made up of IMINT, SIGNT, HUMIT, MASINT, and Counterintelligence & Security Countermeasures.

MASINT

Measurement and Signal Intelligence (i) Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of data from sender (ii) Purpose is to obtain finite metric parameters

Dissemination

Moving intelligence from the producers to the consumers

National Security Agency (NSA)

Nation's cryptologic organization that protects U.S. information systems and produces foreign signals intelligence information

Analyst agility

Need for analysts to have more than one or two expertise

Tyranny of the ad hocs

Not every ad hoc merits higher priorities

OSINT

Open Source Intelligence (i) Materials available to the public by intelligence agencies and other adversaries (ii) Provide extremely valuable information concerning an organization's activities and capabilities.

Feedback

Policymakers talking to analysts on how well the intelligence requirements are being met

Collection

Produces information, not intelligence

Marine Corps Intelligence

Produces tactical and operational intelligence for battlefield support.

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Provides timely, relevant, and accurate geospatial intelligence in support of national security objectives

Analytical stovepipes

Raw intelligence information that may be presented without proper context

Department of Treasury

Receipt, analysis, collation, and dissemination of foreign intelligence and foreign counterintelligence information related to the operation and responsibilities of ___________

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Responsible for enforcing the controlled substance laws and regulations of the United States

Central Intelligence Agency

Responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior U.S. policymakers. The " " director is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The " " is separated into four basic components: The National Clandestine Service, the Directorate of Intelligence, the Directorate of Science & Technology, and the Directorate of Support.

Department of Homeland Security

Responsible for using information and intelligence from multiple sources to identify and assess current and future threats to the U.S.

Principals Committee (PC)

Senior policy coordinating body of the NSC structure

SIGNT

Signals Intelligence (i) Signal Intercepts comprising all communication intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), and Foreign Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT) (ii) Can be done a number of ways: 1. Monitoring transmissions 2. Covert collection sites 3. Communication Satellites

Supplemental

Taking care of agreed on needs without long term bills

Collection (In the Intelligence Cycle)

The gathering of the raw information needed to produce finished intelligence Covers the five INT's (SIGINTS, HUMINT, GEOINT, OSINT, and MASINT)

Competitive Analysis

The idea that having intelligence in different agencies make the IC better. Causes parochial views to be countered. Antidote to groupthink

Department of Energy

The mission is to protect, enable, and represent the vast scientific brain trust resident in " "'s laboratories and plants.

Downstream Activities

The steps that follow collection

Processing and exploitation

This must happen in order for information to be regarded as intelligence and given to analysts

Relevant (Analysis)

To the policy maker What he/she wants or needs to know Usually ask for specific information

Easily Digestible (Analysis)

Understand quickly Quick Read Maps, graphs, diagrams

Ad Hocs

Unexpected issues pop up with little to no warning

Evil Empire dilemma (Analysis)

Unnecessary bias form

Current Intelligence

Varies over time, during war time this increases

National technical means

Variety of satellites and other technical collectors

Single-source analyst

Wade through material, process and exploit it, to find intelligence that is really needed

Analysis

What happened Why is it important The intelligence "so what"

Basics of Analysis

What turns information into intelligence

Politicized Intelligence

Where intelligence officers let specific policy outcome effect the intelligence they give.

Deputies Committee (DC)

Works on issues before the PC considers them


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