3700 Intro to Intelligence (Ohio State)
Mirror Imaging
1. Assuming another state or person will act just the way a particular country or person does. There are three types: i. Foreign ii. Domestic iii. Homeland
4 pitfalls of Analysis
1. Groupthink 2. Mirror Imaging 3. Evil Empire dilemma 4. Rational Actor Theory
5 Intelligence Disciplines
1. HUMIT 2. SIGNT 3. MASINT 4. IMINT 5. OSINT
The Intelligence Cycle:
1. Planning and Direction 2. Collection 3. Processing 4. Analysis 5. Dissemination
4 Basic Components of Central Intelligence Agency
1. The National Clandestine Service 2. The Directorate of Intelligence 3. The Directorate of Science & Technology 4. The Directorate of Support.
4 qualities of good analysis
1. Timely 2. Relevant 3. Objective 4. Easily Digestible
Clientism
A political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations
Basics of Collection
Acquiring information and provisioning that information to processing and production elements.
Mirror Imaging (Analysis)
American mindset
Timely (Analysis)
Briefing books before summits Memo's before phone calls Info before window of action has closed
Coast Guard Intelligence
Broad responsibilities include protecting citizens from the sea, protecting America from threats delivered by the sea, and protecting the sea itself
Priorities framework
Broadest evaluation in the Intelligence Community
Groupthink
Coming together as a collective group to tackle a problem
Confidence Levels
Confidence an analyst has in his decision making
Crosswalks
Coordinate and make decisions between programs
Rational Actor Theory (Analysis)
Countries will always act in countries best interest
Requirements
Defining the policy issues or areas to which intelligence is expected to make a contribution
Defense Intelligence Agency
Department of Defense combat support agency. Major producer and manager of foreign military intelligence and provides military intelligence to warfighters, defense policymakers and force planners
National Reconnaissance Office
Designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance satellites
Dissemination (In the Intelligence Cycle)
Distribution of the finished intelligence to the consumers The policymakers then make decisions based on the information given and these decisions may lead to the levying of more requirements, thus triggering the Intelligence Cycle all over again.
Objective (Analysis)
Don't support or undercut policy No opinions or bias No loaded adjectives
Department of State
Focal point within the " " for all policy issues and activities involving the Intelligence Community.
Planning and Direction
Given from policymakers CIA can tell policymakers if new issues become relevant
Footnote wars
Going back and forth in footnotes on a report about your separate point of view on the same issue
HUMIT
Human Intelligence (i) Human Sources (ii) Espionage and clandestine activities
IMINT
Imagery Intelligence (i) Film, electronic display devices, media (ii) Cover and concealment can prevent this type of intelligence
Intelligence
Information that meets the stated or understood needs of policy makers and has been collected, processed, and narrowed to meet those needs
Processing
Involves converting the vast amount of information collected to form usable information to analysts through decryption, language translations, and data reduction.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Is responsible for understanding threats to our national security and penetrating national and transnational networks that have a desire and capability to harm the U.S
Priority Creep
Issues moving up and down in a priority system
Groupthink (Analysis)
Just going along with the group
Air Force Intelligence
Leading provider of finished intelligence deprived from airborne, space, and cyberspace sensors. Can target anywhere on the globe
Navy Intelligence
Leading provider of maritime intelligence to the U.S.
Army Intelligence
Made up of IMINT, SIGNT, HUMIT, MASINT, and Counterintelligence & Security Countermeasures.
MASINT
Measurement and Signal Intelligence (i) Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of data from sender (ii) Purpose is to obtain finite metric parameters
Dissemination
Moving intelligence from the producers to the consumers
National Security Agency (NSA)
Nation's cryptologic organization that protects U.S. information systems and produces foreign signals intelligence information
Analyst agility
Need for analysts to have more than one or two expertise
Tyranny of the ad hocs
Not every ad hoc merits higher priorities
OSINT
Open Source Intelligence (i) Materials available to the public by intelligence agencies and other adversaries (ii) Provide extremely valuable information concerning an organization's activities and capabilities.
Feedback
Policymakers talking to analysts on how well the intelligence requirements are being met
Collection
Produces information, not intelligence
Marine Corps Intelligence
Produces tactical and operational intelligence for battlefield support.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Provides timely, relevant, and accurate geospatial intelligence in support of national security objectives
Analytical stovepipes
Raw intelligence information that may be presented without proper context
Department of Treasury
Receipt, analysis, collation, and dissemination of foreign intelligence and foreign counterintelligence information related to the operation and responsibilities of ___________
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Responsible for enforcing the controlled substance laws and regulations of the United States
Central Intelligence Agency
Responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior U.S. policymakers. The " " director is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The " " is separated into four basic components: The National Clandestine Service, the Directorate of Intelligence, the Directorate of Science & Technology, and the Directorate of Support.
Department of Homeland Security
Responsible for using information and intelligence from multiple sources to identify and assess current and future threats to the U.S.
Principals Committee (PC)
Senior policy coordinating body of the NSC structure
SIGNT
Signals Intelligence (i) Signal Intercepts comprising all communication intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), and Foreign Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT) (ii) Can be done a number of ways: 1. Monitoring transmissions 2. Covert collection sites 3. Communication Satellites
Supplemental
Taking care of agreed on needs without long term bills
Collection (In the Intelligence Cycle)
The gathering of the raw information needed to produce finished intelligence Covers the five INT's (SIGINTS, HUMINT, GEOINT, OSINT, and MASINT)
Competitive Analysis
The idea that having intelligence in different agencies make the IC better. Causes parochial views to be countered. Antidote to groupthink
Department of Energy
The mission is to protect, enable, and represent the vast scientific brain trust resident in " "'s laboratories and plants.
Downstream Activities
The steps that follow collection
Processing and exploitation
This must happen in order for information to be regarded as intelligence and given to analysts
Relevant (Analysis)
To the policy maker What he/she wants or needs to know Usually ask for specific information
Easily Digestible (Analysis)
Understand quickly Quick Read Maps, graphs, diagrams
Ad Hocs
Unexpected issues pop up with little to no warning
Evil Empire dilemma (Analysis)
Unnecessary bias form
Current Intelligence
Varies over time, during war time this increases
National technical means
Variety of satellites and other technical collectors
Single-source analyst
Wade through material, process and exploit it, to find intelligence that is really needed
Analysis
What happened Why is it important The intelligence "so what"
Basics of Analysis
What turns information into intelligence
Politicized Intelligence
Where intelligence officers let specific policy outcome effect the intelligence they give.
Deputies Committee (DC)
Works on issues before the PC considers them
