4

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

A. Acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by oliguria and hematuria. Polycystic kidney disease and renal insufficiency are not characterized by oliguria and hematuria. Cystitis is not characterized by oliguria.

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

Escherichia coli - B

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

Escherichia coli -B.

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

Immune system damage to glomeruli - B

The most common types of uterine tumors are known as

Leiomyomas - D

The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

Struvite - A

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis IS

a throat infection - B

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as years of age.

9 - C

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the test.

A - Papanicolaou

Characteristics of vesicoureteral reflux in children include (Select all that apply.)

A B C

Renal stone formation is affected by (Select all that apply.)

A B C D

Urge incontinence is often because of (Select all that apply.)

A B D E

Which pharmacologic treatments may be seen in a patient with breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

A B E

Characteristics of cystitis include (Select all that apply.)

A C D

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include (Select all that apply.)

A C D E

A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician

chills and fever - D

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

crescentic glomerulonephritis - B

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is

functional - B

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

genetically transmitted-D

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

hematuria - A

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is

hematuria - B

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

hematuria - C

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. - A

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

hydronephrosis - B

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

hypercalciuria - A

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

infection by E. coli. - D

The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of

interstitial cystitis - D

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is

intravenous therapy - D

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence

is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle. - C

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

less than 100 mL - A

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

man who has chronic urinary tract infections. - D

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

nephralgia - B

Glomerular disorders include

nephrotic syndrome - D

The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is

neurogenic bladder - A

The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of

nitrites - B

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

overflow incontinence -D

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is

overflow. - A This type of incontinence is called overflow incontinence. Stress incontinence is because of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Urge incontinence is associated with a sudden need to void and involuntary leakage of urine. Mixed incontinence is a combination of both stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

pain - A

The direct cause of stress incontinence is

pelvic muscle weakness - B

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

pelvic tumor - B

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

polycystic kidney disease - D

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of in the urine.

protein - D

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

proteinuria - B

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

proteinuria - D

A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a

radical mastectomy - A

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with

recurrent cystitis - B

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

renal colic - B

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?

sexually active women - B

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

smoking - A

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. - B

The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is

ultrasonography - C

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for

urge incontinence - C

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

uric acid crystals - D

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

urinary retention and reflux - A

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

dehydration - B

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. "Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother. The nurse's best response is

"When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder." - B

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds

"Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." - B

Cystitis symptoms include (Select all that apply.)

B C D

Which symptom would be manifested in a woman diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

B C D

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis (Select all that apply.)

B C D E

Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of

Botulinum toxin - B

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) to hold the uterus in place.

C - pessary.

A common component of renal calculi is

Calcium - A

The most common type of renal stone is

Calcium - B

Infection by accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.

Candida albicans - B

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

a. bladder contraction Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause bladder contraction. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause bladder relaxation and allow for storage of urine. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause bladder, not sphincter, contraction. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the bladder does not cause urine reflux.

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

a. fever

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because

albumin is excreted in the urine - B

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

an immune complex reaction - D

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of

associated dermatomes. - B

A ureterocele is

c. a cystic dilation of a ureter.

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

c. hematuria.

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely

carcinoma - D